anemia
A condition marked by a de?ciency of red blood cells (RBCs)
antibody
A speci?c protein produced by a lymphocytic plasma cell to destroy a speci?c foreign invader (antigen) in the body
antigen
A foreign invader (e.g., bacterium, virus, toxin, allergen) that generates an immune response with the production of antibodies
artifacts
Structures or features not normally present but visible as a result of an external agent or action
basophils
White blood cells with granules that stain deep blue and play a part in the in?ammatory process
buffy coat
The layer of white cells and platelets found between the plasma and the packed RBCs after whole blood is centrifuged
centrifuge
An apparatus consisting essentially of a compartment that spins about a central axis to separate contained materials of different specific gravities or to separate colloidal particles suspended in a liquid
cuvette
A specimen container made of plastic or glass designed to hold samples for laboratory tests using light meter technology (spectrophotometry)
enzymes
Complex proteins produced by cells that act as catalysts in speci?c biochemical reactions
eosinophils
White blood cells with granules that stain red. Their numbers increase during allergic reactions
leukocytosis
An increase in the number of white blood cells (WBCs)
lymphocytes
Non-granular small white blood cells with a dense nucleus. Their numbers increase during a viral infection
monocytes
Non-granular large white blood cells with a large lobular nucleus. Their numbers increase during the recovery phase of tissue damage
neutrophils
White blood cells with small granules that stain lavender. They are the most common WBC and ?ght bacterial infections
polycythemia vera
A condition marked by an abnormally large number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the circulatory system
type and cross-match
Tests performed to assess the compatibility of blood to be transfused
urea
The major nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism and the chief nitrogenous waste product in the urine
What are the main functions of circulating blood?
-Supplies the body's cells with nutrients and oxygen
-Carries away carbon dioxide and urea, the waste products of normal cell activity
-Distributes enzymes, hormones, and other chemicals needed for control and regulation of body activities
What are the four laboratory departments that test blood specimens?
#NAME?
Whole blood is composed of formed elements suspended in a clear, yellow liquid portion called ______________
plasma
Plasma makes up approximately _________ % of the blood by volume
55
The remaining 45% of blood consists of formed cellular elements, which are the _______________________, ___________________________, and ____________________.
erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets)
The red pigment, ________________, in the RBC carries oxygen throughout the body
hemoglobin
The life span of an erythrocyte is about ______ days, and when matured an erythrocyte has a _______________________ shape
120; biconcave disk
The three granular leukocytes include the _____________________, ___________________, and ____________________
polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils (EOs), and basophils (BASOs)
The agranular leukocytes are the _____________ and _______________, both of which have clear cytoplasm and a solid nucleus
monocytes and lymphocytes
What is the function of neutrophils?
To engulf and destroy invading bacteria and viruses
What is the function of eosinophils?
To help with allergic reactions/allergies
What is the function of basophils?
To play a part in the inflammatory process
What is the function of monocytes?
To help with the recovery phase of tissue damage
What is the function of lymphocytes?
To protect from a viral infection/help during a viral infection
________________ account for 65% to 80% of the circulating lymphocytes
T cells
What type of immunity are T cells part of?
Cell-mediated immunity
What type of immunity are B cells part of?
Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity
What do B cells produce in response to an antigen?
An antibody
What are the different types of T cells?
#NAME?
_______________ have a long life span and respond quickly to the presentation of the same antigen at a later date
Memory T cells
________________ are the most numerous type of T cell; the stimulate the activity of other T cells and help B cells produce their antibodies
Helper T cells
__________________ kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells without previous sensitization
Cytotoxic/Killer T cells
__________________ inhibit the activity of other T cells after invaders are under control
Suppressor T cells
The smallest blood element is the platelet or _________________
thrombocytes
The platelets produce a substance that combines with _____________ in the blood, which in turn converts the protein into thrombin in a complex series of reactions
calcium
Thrombin, an enzyme, converts fibrinogen, a protein substance, into ________________, an insoluble protein that forms an intricate network of minute threadlike structures called fibrils and causes the blood plasma to gel
Fibrin
Most physician office laboratory (POL) hematology tests use blood from a __________________________ stick
capillary puncture
Reference laboratories use vacuum tubes with a ________________ colored stopper containing the anticoagulant ______________ for their hematolgy testing
lavender; ETDA
Hemoglobin (Hgb) reference ranges vary based on what five factors?
#NAME?
The _____________________ test is used to monitor the condition of patients taking warfarin (Coumadin)
prothrombin time (PT)