blepharedema
swelling of the eyelid
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
blepharochalasis
hypertrophy of the skin of the eyelid
blepharoptosis
drooping of the upper eyelid
ectropion
turning outward of the eyelid, exposing the conjunctiva
entropion
turning inward of the eyelid toward the eye
chalazion
hardened swelling of a meibomian gland resulting from a blockage
hordeolum
stye, infection of one of the sebaceous glands of an eyelash
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of a lacrimal gland
dacryocystitis
inflammation of a lacrimal sac
epiphora
overflow of tears, excessive lacrimation
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
dryness and/or inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva due to inadequate tear production
xerophthalmia
dry eye, lack of adequate tear production to lubricate the eye
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva, commonly known as pinkeye, a highly contagious disorder
ophthalmia neonatorum
severe, purulent conjunctivitis in the newborn, usually due to gonorrheal or chlamydial infection
amblyopia
dull or dim vision due to disuse
diplopia
double vision
emmetropia
normal vision
esotropia
turning inward of one or both eyes
exophthalmia
protrusion of the eyeball from its orbit
exotropia
turning outward of one or both eyes
strabismus
general term for a lack of coordination between the eyes, usually due to a muscle weakness or paralysis
asthenopia
visual impairment due to weakness of ocular or ciliary muscle
astigmatism
malcurvature of the cornea leading to blurred vision
hyperopia
farsightedness
myopia
nearsightedness
presbyopia
progressive loss of elasticity of the lens
corneal ulcer
trauma to the outer covering of the eye
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
keratoconus
malformation of the cornea that appears as a protrusion of the center of the cornea
anisocoria
condition of unequally sized pupils, sometimes due to pressure on the optic nerve as a result of trauma or lesion
hyphema
blood in the anterior chamber of the eye as a result of hemorrhage due to trauma
iritis
inflammation of the iris
uveitis
inflammation of the uvea
aphakia
condition of no lens, either congenital or acquired
cataract
progressive loss of transparency of the lens of the eye
glaucoma
abnormal intraocular pressure due to the obstruction of the outflow of the aqueous humor
synechia
adhesion of the iris to the lens and the cornea
achromatopsia
inpairment of color vision
age-related macular degeneration
progressive destruction of the macula, resulting in a loss of central vision
diabetic retinopathy
damage of the retina due to diabetes
hemianopsia
loss of half the visual field, often the result of a cerebrovascular accident
nyctalopia
inability to see well in dim light
retinal tear, retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the choroid layer
retinitis pigmentosa
hereditary degenerative disease marked by nyctalopia and a progressive loss of the visual field
scotoma
area of decresed vision in the visual field
nystagmus
involuntary, back-and-forth eye movements due to a disorer of the labyrinth of the ear and/or parts of the nervous system associated with rhythmic eye movements
optic neuritis
inflammation of the optic nerve resulting in blindness
intraocular melanoma
malignant tumor of the choroid, ciliary body, or iris that usually occurs in individuals in their 50s or 60s
retinoblastoma
an inherited condition present at birth that arises from embryonic retinal cells
amsler grid
test to assess central vision and to assist in the diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration
diopters
level of measurement that quantifies refraction errors
fluorescein angiography
procedure to confirm suspected retinal disease by injection of a fluorescein dye into the eye and use of a camera to record the vessels of the retina
fluorescein staining
use of a dye dropped into the eyes that allows differential staining of abnormalities of the cornea
gonioscopy
visualization of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye
ophthalmic ultrasonography
use of high-frequency sound waves to image the interior of the eye when opacities prevent other imaging techniques
ophthalmoscopy
any visual examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope
schirmer tear test
test to determine the amount of tear production
slit lamp examination
part of a routine eye examination
tonometry
measurement of intraocular pressure
visual acuity assessment
test of the clearness or sharpness of vision
visual field test
test to determine the area of physical space visible to an individual
blepharoplasty
surgical repair of the eyelids
blepharorrhaphy
suture of the eyelids
enucleation of the eye
removal of the entire eyeball
evisceration of the eye
removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the outer coat intact
exenteration of the eye
removal of the entire contents of the orbit
astigmatic keratotomy
corneal incision process that treats astigmatism by effecting a more rounded cornea
corneal incision procedure
any keratotomy procedure in which the cornea is cut to change shape, correcting a refractive error
flap procedure
any procedure in which a segment of the cornea is cut as a means of access to the structures below
laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis
flap procedure in which an excimer laser is used to remove material under the corneal flap
laser epithelial keratomileusis
flap procedure that differs from the LASIK procedure only the amount of tisue cut
photoablation
use of ultraviolent radiation to destroy and remove tissue from the cornea
photorefractive keratectomy
treatment for astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia that uses an excimer laser to reshape the cornea
radial keratotomy
corneal incision process that treats myopia by incising the cornea in a spokelike pattern