MED 122-01

Ambiopia

Double vision caused by each eye focusing separately; also known as diplopia

Anisocoria

Inequality in the diameter of the pupils of the eyes

Blepharoptosis

Drooping of the upper eyelid.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye; may be caused by a bacterial infection, a viral infection, allergy, or a response to the environment.

Dacryoadenitis

Inflammation of the lacrimal (tear) gland

Diplopia

Double vision caused by each eye focusing separately.

Emmetropia

A state of normal vision. The eye is at rest and the image is focused.

Episcleritis

Inflammation of the outermost layers of the sclera.

Exotropia

An obvious outward turning of one eye in relation to the other eye; also called walleye.

Floaters

One or more spots that appear to drift, or "float," across the visual field.

Keratomycosis

A fungal growth present on the cornea.

Lacrimation

The secretion of tears from the lacrimal glands.

Miotic

An agent that causes the pupil of the eye to constrict.

Mydriatic

An agent that causes the pupil of the eye to dialate.

Nystagmus

Involuntary, rhythmic jerking movements of the eye. These "quivering" movements may be from side to side, up and down, or a combination of both.

Opthalmology

the branch of medicine that specializes in the study of the diseases and disorders of the eye.

Optician

A health professional (not an M.D.) who specializes in filling prescriptions for corrective lenses for glasses or for contact lenses.

Palpebral

Pertaining to the eyelid.

Phacomalacia

Softening of the lens of the eye.

Presbyopia

Loss of accommodation for near vision; poor near-vision due to the natural aging process.

Retinopathy

Any disease of the retina.

Astigmatism

A refractive error causing light rays entering the eye to be focused irregulaly on the retina due to an abnormally shaped cornea or lens.

Cataract

The lens in the eye becomes progressively cloudy, losing its normal transparency and thus altering the perception of images due to the interference of light transmission to the retina.

Corneal abrasion

A disruption of the cornea's surface epithelium commonly caused by an eyelash, a small foreign body, contact lenses, or a scratch from a fingernail.

Exophtalmia

An abnormal protrusion of th eyeball(s), usually with the sclera noticeable over the iris; typically due to an expanded volume of the orbital contents.

Hordeolum (stye)

Bacterial infection of an eyelash follicle or sebaceous gland originating with redness, swelling,and mild tenderness in the margin of the eyelash.

Hyphema (hyphemia)

A bleed into the anterior chamber of the eye, resulting from a postoperative complication or from a blunt eye injury.

Macular degeneration

Progressive deterioration of the retinal cells in the macula due to aging. known as senile or age related mascular degeneration (ARMD)

Nyctalopia

Inadequate vision at night or in faint lighting following reduction in the synthesis of rhodopsin, a compound in the rods of the retina that enables the eye to adjust to low-density light.

Strabismus

Failure of the eyes to gaze in the same direction due to weakness in the muscles controlling the position of one eye. The most common type, is nonparalytic, an inherited defect in which the eye position of the two eyes has no relationship.

Opthalmoscopy

The examination of the external and internal structures of the eye with an instrument.

Amblyopia

Reduced vision that is not correctable with lenses and with no obvious pathological or structural cause ( dullness or dimness of vision").

Aphakia

Absence of the lens of the eye.

Blepharospasm

A twitching of the eyelid muscles; may be due to eyestrain or nervous irritability.

Cycloplegia

Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye.

Dacryorrhea

Excessive flow of tears.

Ectropion

Eversion (turning outward) of the edge of the eyelid.

Entropion

Inversion (turning inward) of the edge of the eyelid.

Esotropia

An obvious inward turning of one eye in relation to the other eye; also called cross eyes.

Extraocular

Pertaining to outside the eye.

Hemianopia / hemianopsia

Loss of vision, or blindness, in one-half of the visual field.

Lacrimal

Pertaining to tears.

Miosis

Abnormal constriction of the pupil of the eye.

Mydriasis

Abnormal dilation of the pupil of the eye.

Nasolacrimal

Pertaining to the nose and the lacrimal (tear) ducts.

Opthalmologist

A medical doctor(M.D.) who specializes in the comprehensive care of the eyes and visual system in the prevention and treatment of eye disease and injury.

Opthalmopathy

Any disease of the eye.

Optometrist

Doctor or optometry is responsible for examination of the eye, and associated structures- to determine vision problems.

Papilledema

Swelling of the optic disc,vision upon opthalmoscopic examination of the interior of the eye.

Photophobia

Abnormal sensitivity to light, especially by the eyes.

Papillary

Of or pertaining to a papilla (nipplelike projection).

Scotoma

An area of depressed vision (blindness) within the usual vissual field, surrounded by an area of normal vision.

Blepharitis

Acute or chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins stemming from seborrheic, allergic, or bacterial origin.

Chalazion

A cyst or nodule on the eyelid, resulting from an obstructive of a meibomian gland, which is responsible for lubricating the margin of the eyelid

Diabetic retinopathy

Occurs as a consequence of long term or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus in which the tissues of the retina experience scarring due to abnormal dialiation, hemorrhages, abnomal formation on new vessels.

Glaucoma

Ocular disorder identified as a group due to the increase in intraocular pressure.

Hyperopia

A refractive error in which the lens of the eye cannot focus on an image accurately, resulting in imparred close vision that is blurred due to the light rays being focused behind the retina because the eyeball is shorter than normal.

Keratitis

Corneal inflammation caused by a microorganism, trauma to the eye, a break in the sensory innervation of the cornea, a hypersensitivity reaction, or tearing defect(may be due to dry eyes or ineffective eyelid closure).

Myopia

A refractive error in which the lens of the eye cannot focus on an image accurately, resulting in impaired distant vision that is blurred due to the light rays being focused in front of the retina because the eyeball is longer than normal.

Presbyopia

A refractive error occurring after the age of 40, when the lens of the eye(s) cannot focus on an image accurately due to its decreasing loss of elasticity.

Lasik

(laser in situ keratomileusis) procedure is a form of laser vision correction for nearsightedness. (myopia)

Tonometry

The process of determining the interocular pressure by calculating the resistance of the eyeball to an applied force causing indentation.

Acoustic

Pertaining to hearing.

Auditory

Pertaining to the sense of hearing.

Barotitis media

Inflammation or bleeding of the middle ear caused by sudden chaanges in atmospheric pressure, as in scuba diving or descent of an airplane (especially when one has a cold or an upper respiratory infection).

labyrinthitis

Inflammation of the inner ear.

Myringoplasty

Surgical repair of the eardrum with a tissue graft. This procedure is performed to correct hearing loss. It is also called tympanoplasty.

Otalgia

Pain in the ear; ear ache. also called otodynia.

Otodynia

Pain in the ear; ear ache also called otodynia.

Otorrhea

Drainage from the ear; usually associated with inflammation of the ear.

Purulent

Containing pus

Tinnitus

A ringing or tinkling noise heard in the ears; may be a sign of injury to the ear, some disease process, or toxic, levels of some medications from prolonged use (such as asprin)

Vertigo

A sensation of spinning around or of having things in the room or area spinning around the person; a result of disturbance of the equilibrium.

Cholesteatoma

A slow growing cystic mass made up of epithelial cell debris and cholesterol found in the middle ear.

Meniere's disease

Chronic inner ear disease in which there is an over accumulation of endolymph ( fluid in the labyrinth)characterized by recurring episodes of vertigo (dizziness), hearing loss, feeling of pressure or fullness in the affected ear, and tinnitus; usually uni

Serous otitis media

A collection of clear fluid in the middle ear that may follow acute otitis media or be due to and obstruction of the eustachian tube.

Otosclerosis

A condition in which the foot plate of the stapes becomes immobile and secure to the oval windows, resulting in a hearing loss.

Otoscopy

The use of an otoscope to view and examine the tympanic membrane and various parts of the outer ear.

Stapedectomy

Microsurgical removal of the stapes disease by otosclerosis, typically under local anesthesia.

Tympanotomy

A surgical procedure with the insertion of a small ventilation tube introduced into the inferior segment of the tympanic membrane.also known as myringtomy.

Audiogram

A recording of the faintest sounds an individual is able to hear.

Aural

Pertaining to the ear.

Cochlear

Pertaining to a snail-shaped structure within the middle ear.

Mastoiditis

Inflammation of the mastoid process of the temporal bone; usually extension of a middle ear infection.

Myringotomy

A surgical procedure with the insertion of a small ventilation tube introduced into the inferior segment of the tympanic membrane.also known as tympanotomy.

Otitismedia

Inflammation of the middle ear.

Otomycosis

A fungal infection of the external auditory meatus of the ear.

Presbycusis

Loss of hearing due to the natural aging process.

Stapedectomy

Surgical removal of the stapes (middle ear) and insertion of a graft and prosthesis.

Tympanoplasty

surgical repair of the eardrum with a tissue graft. This porcedure is performed to correct hearing loss.

Tympanotomy

..A surgical procedure with the insertion of a small ventilation tube introduced into the inferior segment of the tympanic membrane.also known as tympanotomy.also known as myringotomy..

Impacted cerumen

An excessive accumulation of wax like secretions from the glands of the external ear canal.

Otis externa

Inflammation of the outer or external ear canal; also called "swimmer's ear." this inflammation is produced from the growth of bacteria or fungi in the external ear. In addition to the occurrence after swimming, otitis externa can develop due to condition

Suppurative otitis media

Apurulent collection of fluid in the middle ear; causing the person to experience pain (possibly severe), an elevation in temperature, dizziness, decreased hearing, vertigo, and tinnitus; also called acute otis media.

Audiometry

The process of meaasuring how well an individual hears various frequencies of sound wave.

Otoplasty

Removal of a portion of ear cartilage to bring the pinna ans auricle nearer the head.

Myringotomy

A surgical procedure with insertion of a small ventilation tube introduced into the inferior segment of the tympanic membrane.

Myringoplasty

Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane with a tissue graft after a spontaneous rupture that results in hearing loss; called a tympanoplasty.

ARMD

age related macular degeneration

blephar/o

eyelid

ptosis

drooping

opia

vision condition

ectro

turning out

entro

turning in

dacry

tears

eso

within

od

right eye (ocular dexter

os

left eye (ocular sinister)

labyrinth

inner ear

myring/o tympan

eardrum