Amoral
Lacking or indifferent to moral standards
Applied ethics
The practical application of moral standards to the conduct of individuals involved in organizations
Bioethics
Also called biomedical ethics; the moral dilemmas and issues of advanced medicine and medical research
Bioethicists
Persons who specialize in the field of bioethics
Comparable worth
Pay equity; the theory that extends equal pay requirements to all persons (men/women) doing work
Compassion
Ability to have a gentle, caring attitude toward patients and fellow employees
Cost/benefit analysis
Utilitarianism; an ethical approach in which the benefit of the decision outweighs the costs
Due process
The entitlement to all employees to have certain procedures followed when they believe their rights are in jeopardy
Empathy
The ability to understand the feelings of another person without actually experiencing the pain or distress that a person is going through
Ethics
The branch of philosophy relating to morals and moral principles
Fidelity
Loyalty and faithfulness to others
Indigent
A person who is impoverished and without funds
Integrity
The unwavering adherence to one's principles; dedication to maintaining high standards
Laws
Rules or actions prescribed by a governmental authority that have a binding legal force
Litigious
A dispute that has resulted in one party suing another
Medical ethics
Moral conduct based on principles regulating the behavior of healthcare professionals
Medical etiquette
Standards of professional behavior that physicians use for conduct with other physicians
Medical practice acts
Laws established in all 50 states that define the practice of medicine as well as requirements and methods for licensure in a particular state; define what is negligent conduct
Morality
The quality of being virtuous or practicing the right conduct
Precedent
A ruling of an earlier case that is then applied to subsequent cases, or served as a model for future cases
Principle of autonomy
Right to make decisions about one's own life
Principle of beneficence
Action of helping others and performing actions that result in benefit to another person
Principle of justice
Warns us that equals must be treated equally
Principle of nonmalfeasance
Means "First, do no harm
Quality assurance
Gathering and evaluating information about the services provided as well as the results achieved and comparing this information with an accepted standard
Sanctity of life
Sacredness of human life; all human beings must be protected
Sexual harassment
Unwelcome sexual advances or requests for sexual favors
Sympathy
Pity for someone else
Tolerance
A respect for those whose opinions, practices, race, religion, and nationality differ from our own
Integrity
Example: healthcare professionals washing their hands each time before patient contact even when nobody is looking
Beneficence, Fidelity, Gentleness, Justice, Responsibility, Sanctity of life, Work, Humility, Perseverance, Tolerance
What are the ten virtues that drive ethical behavior?
Utilitarianism, Rights-based, Duty-based, Justice-based, Virtue-based
What are five theories of ethics?
Utilitarianism
An ethical theory based on the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number
Rights-based ethics
A natural rights ethical theory that places the primary emphasis on a person's individual rights
Duty-based ethics
Focuses on performing one's duty to various people and institutions
Justice-based ethics
Based on the moral restraint of "veil of ignorance
Virtue-based ethics
A character trait based on a concern for the person
Is it legal, Is it balanced, How does it make me feel
What are the three steps of the Blanchard-Peale Model?
veil of ignorance
Justice-based
gut feeling
decision based on emotion
Gather information, Clarify the ethical issues, Resolve the dilemma
Dr. Bernard Lo's clinical model
Beneficence
The action of helping others and performing actions that would result in benefit to another person
Gentleness
A mild, tenderhearted approach to other people
Humility
Acquiring an unpretentious and humble manner
Perseverance
Persisting with a task or idea even against obstacles
Responsibility
A sense of accountability for one's actions
Work
An effort applied toward some end goal
Honesty, Sympathy, Integrity, Respect, Fairness, Empathy, Compassion, Loyalty
What are the eight interpersonal ethics?
Honesty
the quality of truthfulness, no matter what the situation
Fairness
treating everyone the same
Loyalty
a sense of faithfulness or commitment to a person or persons
Sexual harassment, Comparable worth, Privacy, Due process
Four specific issues that affect the workplace
Privacy
Confidentiality; the ability to safeguard another person's confidences or information
Principle of beneficence, autonomy, nonmalfeasance, justice
Four principles that serve as a guideline when confronting bioethical dilemmas
Principle of nonmalfeasance
Primum non nocere
Teological
Asserts that an action is right or wrong depending on whether it produces good or bad consequences
Deontological
Asserts that at least some actions are right or wrong, and thus, we have a duty or obligation to perform them or refrain from performing them, without consideration of the consequences
Ethical dilemma
Three step process by Blanchard and Peale to solve _______
Always unethical
Illegal actions are _______
Measure actions AND moral decision-making standard
Law is created to ______
Morality
Virtuous is based on _______
Improper record keeping AND unlicensed person practicing medicine
Medical practice acts deal with _______
True
Some laws are rarely enforced
Welfare and confidentiality of patient must be of most concern
Mandate of medical ethics
Justify cost of treatment
The purpose of the cost/benefit analysis is to _______
Specialists who give thought to ethical concerns
Bioethicists _______