cervicography
photographic procedure to image the entire cervix
produces a slide called a cervicogram
detects early cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
can be combined with colposcopy
hysterosalpingography
abbr HSG
x-ray procedure in which contrast medium is used to image the uterus and fallopian tubes
mammography
imaging technique for the early detection of breast cancer
image produced = mammogram
pelvimetry
measurement of the birth canal
clinical and x-ray, although x-ray is not commonly done
sonography
use of high-frequency sound waves to image the pelvic area
sonohysterography = imaging of the uterus
transvaginal = probe introduced into the vagina
colposcopy
endoscopic procedure used for cervical/vaginal biopsy
instrument = colposcope
culdoscopy
endoscopic procedure used for biopsy of Douglas cul-de-sac
instrument=culdoscope
hysteroscopy
endoscopic procedure used for a myomectomy (fibroid removal) or polypectomy (polyp removal).
instrument=hysteroscope
laparoscopy
endoscopic procedure for removing lesions (lysis) or performing a hysterectomy or an ovarian biopsy
instrument=laparoscope
culdocentesis
removal of fluid and cells from the rectouterine pouch to detect dysplasia
hormone levels
laboratory measurements of the presence and extent of specific hormones in specimens of blood, urine, or body tissues
information is useful in evaluating a range of conditions from pregnancy to menopause
Pap smear
exfoliative cytology procedure useful for the detection of vaginal and cervical cancer
alpha fetoprotein test
abbr AFP test
maternal serum (blood) test performed between 14 and 19 weeks of gestation
may indicate a variety of conditions, such as neural tube defects (eg spina bifida) and multiple gestation
amniocentesis
removal and analysis of a sample of the amniotic fluid with the use of a guided needle through the abdomen of the mother into the amniotic sac to diagnose fetal abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling
abbr CVS
removal of a small piece of the chorionic villi that develop on the surface of the chorion, either transvaginally or through a small incision in the abdomen, to test for chromosomal abnormalities
contraction stress test
abbr CST
test to predict fetal outcome and risk of intrauterine asphyxia by measuring fetal heart rate throughout a minimum of three contractions within a 10-minute period
nonstress test
abbr NST
stimulation of the fetus to monitor for a normal, expected acceleration of the fetal heart rate
pregnancy test
test available in two forms: stand over-the-counter and a serum (blood) test for quantitative hCG
Apgar score
rates the physical health of the infant with a set of criteria 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth
congenital hypothyroidism
test for deficient thyroid hormones
if caught at birth, oral doses of the missing thyroid hormone will allow normal development
untreated - retarded growth and brain development
phenylketonuria
abbr PKU
test for deficiency of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is responsible for converting phenylaline, found in certain foods, into tyrosine
failure to treat = brain damage and mental retardation
cervicectomy
resection (removal) of the uterine cervix
clitoridectomy
removal of the clitoris
"female circumcision
colpopexy
fixation of the vagina to an adjacent structure to hold it in place
colpoplasty
surgical repair of the vagina
culdoplasty
surgical repair of the cul-de-sac
dilation and curettage
abbr D&C
procedure involving widening of the cervix until a curette, a sharp scraping tool, can be inserted to remove the lining of the uterus
hymenotomy
incision of the hymen to enlarge the vaginal opening
hysterectomy
resection (removal) of the uterus
may be partial, pan-, or include other organs
surgical approach usually stated
hysteropexy
suspension and fixation of a prolapsed uterus
loop electrocautery excision procedure
abbr LEEP
procedure done to remove abnormal cells in cervical dysplasia
lumpectomy
removal of a tumor from the breast
mammoplasty
surgical or cosmetic repair of the breast
augmentation, reduction
mastectomy
removal of the breast; may be unilateral or bilateral
mastopexy
reconstructive procedure to lift and fixate the breasts
oophorectomy
resection of an ovary; may be unilateral or bilateral
oophorocystectomy
removal of an ovarian cyst
pelvic exenteration
removal of the contents of the pelvic cavity
done in response to widespread cancer
salpingectomy
resection of a fallopian tube, may be unilateral or bilateral
salpingolysis
removal of the adhesions in the fallopian tubes to reestablish patency, with the goal of fertility
theleplasty
surgical and/or cosmetic repair of the nipple
uterine artery embolization
abbr UAE
injection of particles to block a uterine artery supplying blood to a fibroid with resultant death of fibroid tissue
cephalic version
process of turning the fetus so that the head is at the cervical outlet for a vaginal delivery
cerclage
suturing the cervix closed to prevent a spontaneous abortion in a woman with an incompetent cervix
cesarean section
also c-section, CS
delivery of an infant through a surgical abdominal incision
episiotomy
incision to widen the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissue of the vulva during delivery
oxytocia
rapid birth
dystocia - difficult labor
eutocia - normal, "good" delivery
vaginal birth after c-section
abbr VBAC
delivery of subsequent babies vaginally after a c-section
vaginal delivery
cephalic presentation through the vagina
breech - feet or buttock presentation
artificial insemination
abbr AI
introduction of semen into the vagina by mechanical or instrumental means
gamete intrafallopian transfer
abbr GIFT
laboratory mixing and injection of the ova and sperm into the fallopian tubes so that fertilization occurs naturally within the body
intracytoplasmic sperm injection
abbr ICSI
injection of one sperm into the ovum and subsequent transplantation of the resulting zygote into the uterus
in vitro fertilization
abbr IVF
procedure that allows the mother's ova to be fertilized outside the body and then implanted in the uterus of the biologic mother or a surrogate to carry to term
zygote intrafallopian transfer
abbr ZIFT
mixing of the ova and sperm in the laboratory, with fertilization confirmed before the zygotes are returned to the fallopian tubes
salpingosalpingostomy
rejoining of the previously cut fallopian tubes to re-establish patency
reversal of a tubal ligation
sterilization
surgical procedure rendering a person unable to produce children
for women, may involve hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or tubal ligation
tubal ligation
sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are cut, ligated (tied), and cauterized to prevent released ova from being fertilized by spermatozoa