Nesting
HTML tags as boxes that hold your content. Your content can include text, images, etc. HTML tags are the boxes around the content. Sometimes, you need to places boxes inside of other boxes. Those "inner" boxes are nested inside of others.
block level boxes vs inline boxes in web design
block level boxes: start on a new line and act as the main building blocks of any layout
inline elements: flow between surrounding text
containing or parent element
if one block-level element sits inside another block-level element then the outer box is known as this
positioning schemes in web design
allow you to control the layout of a page: normal flow, relative positioning, and absolute positioning
normal flow
positioning scheme in CSS; every block element appears on a new line, causing each item to appear lower down the page than the previous one (default behavior)
relative positioning
moves an element from the position it would be in normal flow, shifting it to the top, right, bottom, or left of where it would've been placed -- does not affect the position of surrounding elements
absolute positioning
these elements move as users scroll up and down the page
fixed positioning
these elements do not move when the user scrolls up and down the page
floating elements
allows you to take that element out of normal flow and position it to the far left or right of a containing box -- other content flows around it
Because screen sizes and display resolutions vary very much, web designers try to create pages around ___________-__________ pixels wide
960-1000
fixed width layout
the design does not change size as the user increases or decreases the size of their browser window
advantages of fixed width layout
-pixel values are accurate at controlling size and positioning of elements
-designer has more control over the appearance of the page
disadvantages of fixed width layout
-you can end up with big gaps around the edge of a page
-if the user's screen is a much higher resolution than the designer's screen, pages may be harder to read
-if user increases font sizes, text may not fit in the spaces
liquid layout
these designs stretch and contract as the user increases of decreases the size of their browser window
advantages of liquid layout
-pages expand to fill the entire browser window so there are no spaces around the page on a large screen
-if the user has a smaller window, the page can contract to fit it without the user having to scroll to the side
disadvantages of liquid layout
-if you don't control the width of sections of the page then the design can look very different than you intended with unexpected gaps around certain elements of items squashed together
What is the W3C?
World Wide Web Consortium; an international community where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards; members come from the technology industry
html
structure, hypertext market language, original primary programming language of the internet, made up of elements which describe the structure of the page
some important elements in html
<p> paragraph
<strong> bold
<h1> large text
CSS
presentation; brought more flexibility to the web, updating the content of the site can now occur without having to change the code for the visual design; allowed the separation of content and style elements (font, color, spacing) determined by CSS coding
element
parts of an HTML with an <opening and closing tag> ; each element tells the browser the information that sits in between opening and closing tags
___________" is content color (or foreground color) while "______________" is background color
color vs background-color`
Hue Saturation Lightness (HSL)
hue is the color on the color wheel
saturation is the amount of gray in a color (0% saturation being a shade of gray)
lightness is the amount of white or black (0% lightness is black)
<iframe>
element you use when you are embedding video from YouTube or another third party site
box model
content, padding, border, margin; we control the width which is how wide the content is
relative link
when linking to other pages with the same site, you do not need to specify the domain in the URL, you can use the shorthand known as relative URL
Normal Document Flow
every block level element appears on a new line, causing each item to appear lower down on the page than the previous one -- leave it alone as much as you can
Ira Glass' Two Building Blocks of Radio Storytelling
1. Anecdote - a sequence of actions. story in its purest form
2. The moment of reflection -- what it all means. don't forget this part!
Tips from Ira Glass
conflict is the essence of the story, keep it conversational, visual details are great for putting us in the scene,
alex chadwick says write and talk in ____________ _____________
short sentences (they have clarity, they have punch, they are easier for listeners to process, commas are the enemy)
tips from alex chadwich
write and talk in short sentences, short sentences have clarity and punch
they are easier on the listeners to process
commas are evil
frequency
number of cycles per second (waves per second) described in Hertz; we interpret frequency as a sound's pitch; range of human hearing is 20 to 20,000 Hz
amplitude
the loudness or volume of the sound; measured from the crest or trough to the midline of a sound wave
sample rate
the number of samples per second (CD audio has 44,100 samples per second; digital video and Tascam Zoom has 48,00 samples per second); Sampling involves taking snapshots of an audio or video signal at very fast intervals, usually tens of thousands of time
bit depth
dynamic range of your sound; in photographic terms, its like depth of field and number of f-stops you capture combined
sound: analog vs digital editing
reproduces an approximation of the sound wave
reproduces an approximation, then converts it into code
what is the difference between analog vs digital editing
no degradation or generation during digital editing
when to use omni mics
when you have to record audio from multiple people, sound you want to capture is coming from multiple directions
when to use uni mics
when you are interview subjects in a controlled situation; audio is isolated to a small location
timbre
the character or color of a sound apart from pitch or loudness
sound presence
the subjective closeness a listener feels to the sound
sound perspective
perception of the sound in space. stereo and surround sound, gives us tools for crafting sound perspective
silence
part of sound, just like negative space is part of design
ambience
background sound
diegetic sound
sound that is part of a story space; the character in the story can hear it
non-diegetic sound
sound that is not part of the story space; characters cannot hear it, added in during editing
shotgun microphone
named because of its gun barrel like appearance and its need to be properly aimed in order to be useful; designed for recording audio at a distance from the source; useful when you do not wish to see the frame of the microphone in the shot
wavelength
measurement of one full cycle; from crest to crest (wavelength = velocity (speed of sounds) / frequency
longer the wavelength, lower the frequency, longer the pitch
foley
the reproduction of everyday sound effects that are added to film, video, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality (ex: footsteps)
synchronous sound vs non-synchronous sound
synchronous: sound matching action and recorded at the same time as a picture
non-synchronous: sound that does not match action and recorded at different time from picture
Dorthea Salos 321 rule
3 copies
2 different formats
1 off-site copy
Use open source and/or well documented media format
Migrate your data into different formats, because playback technologies may die before the data.
Backing up is not enough. Make sure you check up and audit th
pans
camera movement in which the camera pivots right or left on a horizontal axis
tilt
camera movement in which camera pivots up and down
zooms
changing focal length resulting field of view through movement of lens elements; change views vantage point, make viewer visually closer to subjecy
tracking shot
the camera itself is moving, either on tracks or dolly tracks ; A mobile framing that travels through space forward, backward, or laterally.
film records at ____ frames per second (fps), while video records at _______ frames per second
24 vs 29.97
beat sheet
an outline of the most important narrative beats to your story; its good to aim for 8 to 15 beats in planning for a narrative short film/video (what are the key moments that need to occur for the story to make sense and totally resonate?)
begin the scene at the __________ possible moment; end the scene at the _________ possible moment
latest, earliest
Four Theories that makes things funny
1. incongruity (inconsistency)
2. benign penetration
3. social interaction
4. mark of culture and community
how to tell a joke
-Set up
-Wait for it...
-Punchline
-Tag it
continuity editing
appearing to have things appear as a continuous action, happening in treal time even though they were taken at different times; style of film and video editing in which shots are pieced together to create a realistic linear progression through time that r
features of continuity editing
180 degree rule, establishing shot, shot/reverse shot, eye-line matches, match on action, coverage
180 degree rule
imaginary axis that connects two subjects (guided by the respective gazes) or is defined by directional movement and provides a constriction for camera movement; video cannot cross imaginary line or it will look disoriented to audience
shot/reverse shot
film technique where one character is shown looking at another character and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character; typically in a conversation situation
match on action
taking snippets and matching them together like they are an organic whole (used in many short films)
dissolve
visual transition in which one source gradually disappears by becoming transparent while another appears by becoming opaque. can be used to soften abrupt changes or signal a change in time or place
-taking two images and overlaying them
remix
juxtaposition, reproduce something with different meaning
-depends upon fair use
-a method by which underrepresented groups can tell their stories and talk back
-its an argument that works across visual and sonic registers, often with humor
-more accessib
fair use
describes situations in which it's ok to use copyrighted works without getting permission or paying a fee.
two things that determine fair use
2 things that determine fair use:
Is it transformative?
The amount used
YouTube Contract
1. can't personally arrange for paid ads in your video
2. you own what you post, but YouTube can do whatever they want with it
3. you lose exclusive distribution rights
4. you can be sued for anything you put on YouTube
Youtube can do what they want with