The delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube of intravenous infusions, often referred to simply as nutrition support.
specialized nutrition support
the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings.
enteral nutrition
the intravenous provision of nutrients that bypasses the GI tract.
parenteral nutrition
nutrition care that allows a malnourished patient to meet nutritional requirements by mouth; may include oral nutritional supplements, nutrient-dense foods and snacks, or fortified foods.
oral nutrition support
abnormal passages between organs or tissues (or between an internal organ and the body's surface) that permit the passage of fluids of secretions.
fistulas
not easily managed or controlled
intractable
drawing in by suction or inhalation; a common complication of enteral feedings in which substances from the GI tract are drawn into the lungs. Aspiration risk is high in patients with esophageal disorder, neuromuscular diseases, and conditions that reduce
aspiration
units of measure for a feeding tub's outer diameter
french units
the removal of stomach contents (such as GI secretions, air, or blood) in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
gastic decompression
enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides; also called polymeric formulas
standard formulas
proteins that have been isolated from foods
protein isolates
enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
blenderized formulas
enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed; also called hydrolyzed, chemically defined or monomeric formulas
elemental formulas
triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 6 to 12 carbons in length. Do not require digestion and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
medium-chain triglycerides
enteral formulas for patients with specific illnesses; also called disease specific formulas or specialty formulas
specialized formulas
enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients; used for people with unique nutrient needs
modular formulas
the concentration of osmotically active solutes in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per kilogram of solvent. affect osmosis
osmolality
a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (about 300 milliosmoles per kilogram)
isotonic formula
a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
hypertonic formula
management systems that address food safety by analyzing biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may arise during the preparation, storage, handling, and administration of food products; commonly referred to as HASS-ip
hazard analysis and critical control points systems
a formula delivery system that requires the transfer of the formula from its original packaging to a wedding container
open feeding systems
a formula delivery system in which the sterile formula comes prepackaged in a container that can be attached directly to the feeding tube for administration
closed feeding system
feedings with delivery rates of about 250 to 400 milliliters of formula over 30 to 45 minutes
intermittent feedings
feedings with delivery rates of about 250 to 500 milliliters of formula over 5 to 15 minute period
bolus feedings
feedings that are delivered slowly and at a constant rate over an 8 to 24 hour period
continuous feedings
continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily, allowing patient mobility and bowel rest during the remaining hours of the day
cyclic feedings
the volume of formula and GI secretions remaining in the stomach after a previous feeding
gastric residual volume
the small diameter veins that carry blood from the limbs
peripheral viens
the large diameter veins located close to the heart
central veins
the infusion of nutrient solutions into peripheral veins, usually a vein i the arm or back of the hand
peripheral parenteral nutrition
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
the concentration of osmotically active solutes in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per liter of solution
osmolarity
the infusion of nutrient solutions into a central vein
total parenteral nutrition
a thin tube placed within a narrow lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
catheter
an anticoagulant that works by interfering with vitamin K's blood clotting function; patients using warfarin need to maintain a consistent vitamin K intake from day to day
warfarin
a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids, and lipids; also called a 3-in-1 solutions or an all-in-one solution
total nutrient admixture
a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and main acids, but excludes lipids
2-in-1 solution
continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
continuous parenteral nutrition
administration of parenteral solutions over an 8 to 14 hour period each day
cyclic parenteral nutrition
a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed; characterized by electrolyte and fluid imbalances and hyperglycemia
refeeding syndrome