Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes
Metric system and SI system
the metric system is a decimal systems based on 10 that is paired with the units in the SI system and is used by scientists & most of the world
Greek or Latin
Common prefixes such as kilo, centi and milli are derived from
Scientific Notation
used to express very large or very small numbers; contains a coefficient and a power of 10
How to write in Scientific Notation
The decimal point is moved after the first digit
Length
the measurement of something along its greatest dimension; uses the unit meter in the SI system
Volume
is the amount of space an object takes up; has the unit liter in the metric system and cubic meter in the SI system
Graduated Cylinder
used to measure the volume of a liquid
Mass
is the quantity of material and object contains; has the unit kilogram in the SI system
A gram
is 1/1000th of a kg
Weight
the force equal to the pull of gravity on an object; depends on location
kinetic energy
energy in motion
Joule
SI unit of energy
Calorie
unit of energy is equal to 4.184 J
Temperature
is the measure of the average kinetic energy in matter (how hot or cold something is)
Fahrenheit scale
Not used in science
At what Fahrenheit temperature does water freeze?
32�Fahrenheit
At what Fahrenheit temperature does water boil?
212 degrees F
Celsius
Scale used in science to measure temperature
At what Celsius temperature does water boil?
100 degrees C
At what Celsius temperature does water freeze?
0 degrees C
Kelvin
Scale based on molecular motion (no degrees)
Absolute Zero
(0K) all molecular motion ceases
Add or minus 273
to change between Kelvin and Celsius
Conversion Factor
a ratio of equivalent measurements
dimensional analysis
is a technique that uses units of measure to correctly solve problems
unit conversion
Derived Unit
Results from a combination of SI units. m/s; can be squared or cubed on both sides of the equality
Density
Compares the mass of an object to its volume; is the mass of a substance divided by its volume
Density Formula
volume by displacement
A solid completely submerged in water displaces its own volume of water; the volume of a solid is calculated from the difference of the volume
Accepted Value
Measurement is true and correct mathematically
Experimental value
Value measured during the experiment
Error
Experimental minus accepted value
Percent Error
Measured numbers
numbers you obtain when you measure a quantity using a measuring tool
Significant Figures
includes all of the digits that are known, plus a last digit that is estimated
Exact Numbers
do not use sig figs because they are counting numbers- no tool is used
Atlantic-Pacific Rule
If the decimal is Absent, count from the Atlantic side. If the decimal is Present, count from the Pacific side.
significant
Zeros appearing between nonzero digits are
not significant
Zeros appearing before nonzero digits are
ROUNDING
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