fails to consider
the author forgot to think about something they need to think about
takes for granted
the answer is assuming some sort of connection that doesn't exist
3 common argument flaws
piece of the puzzle, apple to oranges, 1+1?3
Sally is careful about what she eats, so she must be in great health
piece of the puzzle. overvalues a trait
Ted is strong, so he must be good at football
piece of the puzzle. overvalues a trait
Since the popular girls say I should get a haircut, I should get a haircut
piece of the puzzle. overvalues an opinion
Since the house is made of small bricks, the house must be small
piece of the puzzle. overvalues a trait
Bob has a fancy watch and drives a BMW, he must be rich
piece of the puzzle. overvalues a trait
piece of the puzzle
arguments that overvalue traits, opinions, and sample sets. the author overreaches in justifying a conclusion.
In order to watch the soccer match, one must have a television. Since Ted has a television he will be able to watch the soccer match.
confuses necessary condition for sufficient
an argument that is faulty because the author makes an assumption that something is true because someone said so
piece of the puzzle. overvalues an opinion
My financial advisor thinks it's good to put money into a mutual fund, so that's a smart move to make.
piece of the puzzle. overvalues an opinion
Sandra says the new double bacon avocado burger at Karle's isn't delicous, but that's only because she's embarrassed to eat at Karle's with me. Therefore, she's clearly wrong.
piece of the puzzle. overvalues an opinion
I think my hair looks bad, but all of the girls say they love my hair and it looks good. So they must be right, my hair must look good.
piece of the puzzle. overvalues an opinion
overvalues a sample set
an argument that is flawed when it reaches a general consensus based on evidence from a limited portion of whatever group/system they are discussing
All my friends love my new sweater vest. I bet everyone at the party will think I am stylish
piece of the puzzle. overvalues a sample set
The new hybrid from Toyota has an engine that weighs fifty percent more than that of a standard car. Therefore it's unlikely that the car will be a light weight model
piece of the puzzle. overvalues a sample set
I've heard my friend talk about how difficult the logic games section is. I tired it three times and did alright. I guess I have a knack for logic games.
piece of the puzzle. overvalues a sample set
apple ? oranges
falsely transfers/exchanges how the author treats two things as if they are the same or enough, when they are not
the author falsely equate subject matter
apples ? oranges
the author falsely equates characteristics, relationships, and subject matter
apples ? oranges
the author falsely equates relationships
apples ? oranges
Since Vivian likes apples, I bet she will like oranges
apples ? oranges. falsely equates subject matter
3 types of apple ? oranges flaws
the author falsely equates subject matter, relationships, and characteristics
George makes a lot of money at his job, so we can say he has a successful career
apples ? oranges. falsely equates characteristics
Ted says he love Janice. Janice must therefore love Ted
apples ? oranges. falsely equates relationships
San got fit by working out. Since Ruby also got fit, she too must be working out.
apples ? oranges. falsely equates relationships
The average salary at the company is well over $17,000. Therefore, most of the employees make over $17,000.
apples ? oranges. falsely equates subject matter.
Everyone knows Sarah is a friendly person. Therefore, she must be very social
apples ? oranges. falsely equates characteristics
Most residents of Hermosa Beach dine at Tom's Diner. Therefore most of the customers in Tom's Diner must be Hermosa Beach residents.
apple ? oranges. falsely equates relationships
sufficient for necessary
mistaking one way for the only way
If you finish college, you are certain to be financially successful. Therefore, if you want to be financially successful. Therefore, if you want to be financially successful, you must finish college.
sufficient for necessary
Coffee helps one stay awake. Therefore, if one wants to stay awake, one needs to drink coffee.
sufficient for necessary
Every student in Mrs. Wiber's class went to the museum. Since Sean went to the museum, he must be in Mrs. Wilber's class.
sufficient for necessary
1 + 1 ? 3
author brings together two ideas, or two pieces of information, to conclude something that those components do not warrant.
Ted is the tallest in his family, and Sharon is the shortest in hers. Therefore, Ted must be taller than Sharon.
1 + 1 ? 3. context issues
3 types of 1 +1 ? 3 flaws
context and reasoning issues, correlation ? causation
Seven months ago, Ian's photos took up 6 percent of his computer memory. Today they take up 4 percent of the memory on his computer.
1 + 1 ? 3. context issues
Carla earns the average salary of the people in her city, and she lives in a home that is average value relative to other homes in her city. Nina lives in a neighboring city and same can be said for her as well. It is likely, therefore, that Carla and Nin
1 + 1 ? 3. context issues
1 + 1 ? 3. reasoning issues
the author jumps to a conclusion/equates things that shouldn't be
Coats and scarves sell better in the winter than in the summer, and tshirts and shorts sell better in the summer than in the winter. It is expercted, then, that jeans sell at a consistent rate year round.
1 + 1 ? 3. reasoning issue. subject matter
Laptops on average, are more expensive than desktop computers, but tablet systems are cheaper than desktop computers. It's clear that demand for laptops is far greater than that for tablets
1 + 1 ? 3. reasoning issue. characteristics
A recent study of our university's graduates reported that students who paid for at least a part of their education themselves ended up earning more, on average, than did students whose parents paid for all of their expenses. This disparity was consistent
1 + 1 ? 3. correlation ? causation
You drink a kale smoothie and you get a stomach ache
1 + 1 ? 3. correlation ? causation