lactose
which of the following is not a monosaccharide
two monosaccharides
a disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of
photosynthesis
the process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called
glucose
what is the major monosaccharide found in the body
dextrose
glucose is also known as
monosaccharides and disaccharides
the term "simple carbohydrates" refers to
buttermilk
which of the following is a major source of lactose
fructose, glucose, galactose
the monosaccharides important in nutrition are
carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking; softens tough skins
which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion
pancreatic amylase
what enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine
mouth with salivary amylase
carbohydrte digestion begins in the
an enzyme that digests starch
amylase is
they pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria
what is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine
active absorption
glucose is absorbed via
maltose is transported through the portal vein to the liver
which of the following is not true of carbohydrate absorption
lactase deficiency
lactose intolerance is caused by
gas, abdominal pain, and distention
the major symptoms of lactose intolerance are
to supply energy
the main function of glucose is
insulin
which of the following hormones corrects a hyperglycemic state
glucagon
which of the following hormones is released to correct a hypoglycemic state
muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake
when insulin is released it causes
epinephrine
which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use?
brain
for which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source
a highly branched polysaccharide
glycogen is
glucose
starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule
a long straight glucose chain
amylose is
muscles and liver
the major storage sites for glycogen are
can lower blood cholesterol
soluble fibers
whole wheat bread
which of the following is not a rich source of soluble fiber
colon
dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer
kidney beans
which of the following foods would have the most fiber
increase fluid intake
when eating a high fiber diet one should
arises most commonly in adulthood
which of the following is not a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus
the least common form of diabetes
all of the following are characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus except
no double bonds
a saturated fatty acid contains
lipid profile
blood test results that reveal a person's serum cholesterol and triglycerides are called a
monounsaturated
olive oil contains abundant amounts of which type of fatty acid
triglycerides
in which form are most dietary lipids found
the body's ability to store fat is limitless
all of the following describe the behavior of fat cells except
monounsaturated
which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond
fatty acids and glycerol
what is the composition of triglycerides
best source of energy for the brain
which of the following does not describe a function of fat
solid at room temperature
if a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids it is likely to be
change a liquid fat to a solid fat
the main reason for hydrogenating fats is to
when consumed they can raise serum LDL cholesterol
which of the following is true about trans fatty acids found in hydrogenated fats
eating packaged cookies and desserts made with vegetable shortening
timothy wants to avoid eating hydrogenated fat. all of the following are appropriate except
glycerol
the three carbon structure to which fatty acids are attached in triglycerides is called
are reformed into triglycerides
after absorption, long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides inside intestinal cells
triglyceride
the body energy that can be stored in almost unlimited amounts is
store triglycerides
the major function o adipose tissue is to
triglycerides
the body stores excess protien as
a compound containing phosphorus replaces at least one fatty acid
phospholipids differ from triglycerides in which of the following ways?
it is an essential part of every cell
which of the following is true about lecithin
they do not dissolve in water
sterols are similar to triglycerides in which of the following ways
it is only found in animal products
which of the following is true about cholesterol
pancreatic lipase
the major fat-digesting enzyme is
lymphatic
after the chylomicrons leave the intestinal cells, the ar transported via what system
carbohydrate
lipoproteins contain the following components except
lipoprotein lipase
once the chylomicrons arrive at their destination via the bloodstream, the triglycerides in the chylomicrons are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by an enzyme associated with the blood vessel called
high density lipoprotein
which lipoprotien is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion
trans-fatty acids
hydrogenation produces what kinds of fat
amino acid
the basic building block of a protein is called an
nitrogen
the chemica element found in all amino acids but not found in either carbohydrates or fats is
cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantity to meet body needs
an essential amino acid
converted to urea
the nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is
stomach and small intestine
proteins are chemically digested in which areas of the body
pepsin
what enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein
pepsin works best in an alkaline environment
which of the following is not true about pepsin
protein synthesis will be limited
if the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action
limiting amino acid
if a food does not contain the necessary amounts of a certain amino acid to eet a body need, that amino acid is referred to as a
stored as amino acids in the liver
when protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy neeeds are met the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is
20
approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins
amino acids
if the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs for glucose which of the following can be converted to glucose
peptide bond
the chemical bond joining amino acids is called a
denaturation
cooking an egg alters its appearance due to
are consuming enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kcalorie needs
food protiens are used most efficiently when we
to supply more than 40 percentof the kcalories in the diet
all of the following are primary functions of protein except
proteins
antibodies are
starvation
one would likely to see positive protein balance in all of the following conditions except
could be store in the liver
all of the following describe the fate of excess protein execpt
diseases that are troublesome but not life threatening
all the following describe kwahiorkor and marasmus except
protein
kwashiorkor is usually associated with a deficiency of
vegan
a vegetarian who only eats plant foods is a