mastication
the act of chewing
epiglottis
part of the GI tract that prevents a person from choking
bolus
portion of food swallowed at one time
probiotics
the living bacteria found in yogurt
lactose
one glucose and one galactose unit
functional fiber
extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect
functional foods
foods that contain non-nutrient substances that promote well being
1 kilocalorie
energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water 1 degree celsius
recommended dietary allowance
the amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population
AMDR for carbohydrate
45 - 65%
anthropometric measure
body weight
proteases
enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing proteins in food
condensation
the reaction that links 2 monosacchrates together
fibers
cellulose, pectin, lignin and hemicellulose
cholecystokinin
released from cells in the presence of fat
gluconeogenesis
glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance
what is the normal range for blood glucose
70-110 mg/dL
minimum daily amount of dietary carbohydrate necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown
50-100g
glucagon
stimulates release of stored glucose
what is the recommended daily intake of dietary fiber
25
aspartame
a sweetener that people with PKU shouldn't have
essential nutrient
a nutrient needed by the body and must be supplied by foods
vitamins a and c
major nutrients supplied by fruits and veggies