Olean
Glycerol and fatty acids can be absorbed and used for energy in the body, cannot be digested or absorbed as humans lack an enzyme to remove the fatty acids from the sucrose, it is indigestible and it is not absorbed so it cannot be used for energy in the
Salatrim
Benefat, has 5 kcalories/gram, a triglyceride with stearic acid (long chain FA), and acetic, proprionic, and/or butyric acids (short chain FA). The stearic acid is not totally absorbed and the SCFA intrinsically have less energy, made from soybean oil, an
Other Fat Replacers
Protein or carbohydrate based fat replacers are also in some products, Simplesse-microparticulate protein, made from whey protein, offers both nutritional and sensory advantages, digestible, and mainly used in baked products, butter, cheese, mayonnaise, s
Health Problems from Fat
Cardiovascular Disease and the type of fat in our diet can contribute to or protect against cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular Disease
Dysfunction of the heart or blood vessels and can result in heat attack or stroke. Risk factors include: being overweight, physical inactive, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, low HDL levels, heredity, male and premenopausal females.
Blood Lipids include
Chylomicrons-present only after a meal
VLDLs: Very-low-density lipoproteins
LDLs: Low-density lipoproteins "bad cholesterol"
HDls:High-density lipoproteins "good cholesterol
Lipoproetins
In order of increasing density:
Chylomicrons: Used to transport dietary fat into the blood and then to the tissues.
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL): Transports endogenous lipids to the tissues.
Low Density Lipoproetins (LDL): Used to transport TG and
Diets High in Saturated Fats
Decrease the removal of LDLs from the blood, increase cholesterol (LDL) level in the blood, and contribute to the formation of plaques that can block arteries.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
Seem to lower blood cholesterol levels without significant lower of HDL.
Polyunsaturate Fatty Acids
Tend to lower total and HOL cholesterol levels.
Diet High in Trans Fatty Acids
Can raise blood levels of LDL-cholesterol as much as saturate fat, are abundant in hydrogenated vegetable oils (margarine, baked goods, and fried foods), and should be reduced to the absolute minimum.
How Can Fat Intake Prevent Against Heart Disease?
Diets high in omega-3 fatty acids along with moderate exercise can increase HDL "good" cholesterol levels and decrease VLDL production.
Raise the HDL
Physical activity at least 30 minutes a day seven days a week, avoid smoking, eat less total fat, moderate intake of alcohol increases HDL, and omega 3 fatty acids.
Cardiovascular Disease
Lifestyle changes can prevent or reduce this. Total fat intake: 20-35% total calories, saturated fats: less than 7% total calories, cholesterol: less than 300 mg per day, trans fat: reduce to absolute minimum, increase omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber:
Reducing the Risk of CHD
Loss of as little as 5-10% of body weight significantly reduces the risk of this because it reduces blood pressure and improves glucose tolerance, and a diet high in fruits and vegetables may also reduce risk because it helps to normalize blood pressure,
Exercise
Aerobic exercise may reduce the risk of CHD because it improves glucose tolerance, decreases LDL and increases HDL cholesterol, promotes loss of fatty tissue, and strengthens CV system.
Alcohol
Moderate alcohol consumption. 1 serving is 1 1/2 ounces of hard liquor, 5 ounces of wine, and 12 ounce beer.
Fat and Cancer
Diet and lifestyle: important environmental factors in cancer development. Physical activity can reduce risk of colon cancer, and there is strong association between animal fat and prostate cancer.