Nutrition
Is one of the keys to good health. It is the study of the nutrients in food and the body's handling of them, including: How food nourishes our body and how food influences our health. It is a relatively new discipline of health. Contributes to wellness. I
Wellness
A multidimensional, life-long prices that includes physical, emotional, and spiritual health.
Two Critical Components of Wellness
Nutrition and physical activity.
Factors that Contribute to Wellness
Occupational, physical, social, spiritual, and emotional health.
Goals of Healthy People 2020
Increase quality and years of healthy life and eliminates health disparities.
Food
Animal or plant product that can be taken into the body to yield nutrients.
Obesity
Is defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 30, or approximately 30 lb. overweight for a 5'4" woman.
Nutrients
Substances obtained from food that are indispensable to the body's functioning. Chemicals in foods that our bodies use for energy and to support the growth, maintenance, and repair of our tissues.
Six Groups of Nutrients
Carbohydrates, lipids (including fats and oils), proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Essential Nutrients
Those nutrients that the body cannot make for itself or cannot make in sufficient quantities to meet its needs. Must be supplied in the diet, from the foods we consume.
Organic Nutrients
Nutrients contain an element of carbon that is an essential component of all living organisms. Ex: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins.
Inorganic Nutrients
Nutrients that do not contain carbon. EX: Water and minerals.
Macronutrients
Nutrients required in relatively large amounts. Provide energy to our bodies. EX: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water.
Micronutrients
Nutrients required in smaller amounts. EX: Vitamins and minerals.
Carbohydrates
Primary source of energy for the body. Composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Lipids
Major form of stored energy. A diverse group of organize substances that are insoluble in water; includes triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.
Triglycerides
AKA fats are by far the most common lipid in foods. They are composed of an alcohol molecule called glycerol attached to three acid molecules called fatty acids.
Phospholipids
Are a type of lipid that contain phosphate. The body synthesizes these, and they are found in a few foods.
Energy Yielding
Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats: They have calories.
Proteins
Also contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but they also contain the element nitrogen. These four elements assemble into small building blocks known as amino acids. Play a major role in building new cells and tissues, maintaing the structure and strength
Energy
The ability to do work. Food energy or calories (chemical energy) is converted into mechanical, electrical or heat energy in the body.
Kilocalories
Measure of heat energy. The amount of heat energy need to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Celsius.
Vitamins
Organic compounds that assist in regulating physiologic processes. They do not contain energy (calories). They are easily destroyed by light, heat, or chemical agents. Essential nutrients needed in small amounts by the body.
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Vitamins that are not soluble in water but soluble in fate. These include vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Water-soluble Vitamins
Vitamins that are soluble in water. These include vitamin C and the B-vitamins.
Energy Nutrients: Two Roles in the Body
Yield energy and provide building blocks that can be used to synthesize chemical compounds.
Energy is Used to
Help build new compounds, do work, and generate heat.
Minerals
Inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestion and absorption and are not destroyed by heat or light. Assist in the regulation of many body processes and are classified as major minerals or trace minerals. About 16 are known to be essentia
Nutrients That Yield No Energy
Vitamines, Minerals, and water.
Classification of Vitamins
Water soluble and Fat soluble.
Water
An indispensable and abundant nutrient, often ignored. Needed in large a bouts, a component of almost every body tissue, participates in metabolic reactions, and a medium of transport to and from the cell.
Non-nutrients in Food
Compounds present in foods that act on the body in some way but are not members of one of the six classes of nutrients. Phytochemicals and fiber.
Fiber
Non-digestible compounds that are classified as carbohydrates, but yield no energy. Important to health: Provide bulk, maintain normal GI function, and help with elimination.
Phytochemicals
Non-nutrient compounds found in plants. Have some type of biological activity in the body. Give plants their characteristic aroma, color and flavor. Many are antioxidants.