4 Fat Soluble Vitamins
A, D, E, K
Water Soluble Vitamins
B's and C's
Absorption of the Fat Soluble Vitamins
Require bile and dietary fat for absorption through the small intestine
Then travel through the lymphatic system first
And circulate through the blood with help of lipoproteins
Absorption of Water Soluble Vitamins
Released from foods during digestive process
Absorbed through the small intestines
Excess is excreted by kidneys and into the urine
Of all the Vitamins, Which is the most toxic?
Vitamin D, bec. of its role of enhancing calcium absorption.
Excess results in too much in circulations which is detrimal the the heart
Antioxidant Vitamins
A, C, E
Hematopoietic Vitamins (Blood Forming)
B6, B12, Folate
Energy Releasing Vitamins
B-Complex
2 Forms of Vitamin A
Retinol & Beta Carotene
Retinol is used int the body for?
Vision
Development of Bones and Teeth (Enamel Hypoplasia, Dentin Formation and affects resorption of old bone and synthesis of new bone)
Maintenance of Epithelial Tissue
Beta Carotene used in the body for?
Anti-Oxidant
Sources of Retinol
Milk, Cheese, Butter, Eggs, Meat, Liver
Fortified Foods-Cereals and Bread
Sources of Beta Carotene
Found in many fruits and veggies-yellow/orange colored
-carrots, yellow squash, apricots, green leafy veggies-spinach and broccoli
Deficiency w. vitamin A
Night Blindness, Macular Degeneration
Impaired bone and tooth growth
More oxidative Damage
Excess of Vitamin A
Can result in hair loss, joint pain, stunted growth, rashes, orange manifestation of soft palate and gingiva
Vitamin D A.K.A
Calciferol or Sunshine vitamin
Sources of Vitamin D
Sun, Fortified milk other food sources
Primary Roles of Vitamin D
Best known for mineralization of bones and teeth
Helps with absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Deficiency of Vitamin D
Rickets in Children
-softening of bones failure to calcify
-results in bowed legs and enlarged head
Osteomalacia in Adults
-Calcium taken from bones
-Bowedlegs andbent posture
Vitamin E A.K.A
Tocopherol
Primary roles of Vitamin E
Antioxidant
Reproductive Health
Sources of Vitamin E
Widespread in foods, plant oils - PUFA's
What drugs should not be taken with vitamin E?
Should not be taken with blood thinners, large doses interfere with blood coagulation.
Vitamin K is A.K.A
Quinone
Primary role of Vitamin K
Synthesis of prothrombin (which is required for blood clotting)
Sources of Vitamin K
Intestinal bacteria
Green and leafy veggies
Fish oils, meats and dairy products
Deficiencies with vitamin K
Abnormal blood clotting-results in hemorrhaging
Often present in newborns, the vitamin often doesn't pass through to the fetus
Drug interactions with Vitamin K
Careful limits of vitamin K with use of blood thinners
B1 A.K.A
Thiamin
Beri Beri -from what type of vitamin deficiency?
Causes muscle weakness, poor coordination, and extensive damage to the nervous and cardiovascular system. From vitamin b1/thiamin deficiency.
Sources of B1
Ham and pork products
Enriched or whole grain cereals
B2 A.K.A
Riboflavin
Primary Role of B1 & B2
plays role in energy of metabolism of all cells
Sources of B2
Milk, green leafy veggies, nuts and legumes
Deficiency with B2
Lips may appear extremely red and smooth
Fungiform papillae may become swollen and flattened
Angular Chelosis
B3 A.K.A
Niacin, Nicotinic Acid
Primary Role of B3
Part of coenzyme needed in energy metabolism
Sources of B3
Meat, Poultry, Fish
Enriched breads
Fortified cereals
Green leafy veggies
Mushrooms and Asparagus
Toxicity of B3
Painful facial flushing, hives and rash 'niacin flush'
Overdose can cause liver damage
Deficiency of B3
Pellegra- a reddish painful skin rash esp. on the face hands and feet that are bilaterally symmetric
Symptoms of Pellagra...Which vitamin deficiency does this disease arise from?
The 4 D's Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia and Death if no txment
Comes from vitamin B3/Niacin Deficiency
B6 A.K.A
Pyridoxine
Primary role of B6
Mostly plays a role in the metabolism of protein rather than the release of energy
Aids in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin
Aids in the synthesis of hemoglobin
Sources of B6
Best are any of animal origin...meat, poultry, fish
Dark green leafy veggies
Fruits
Potatoes
Deficiency of B6
Rare to occur alone...
Includes anemia, depression, confusion, convulsions
Oral Deficiencies related to B6
Angular Cheilosis
Burning mouth
Glossitis
Which is the most toxic water soluble vitamin?
B6, because it is stored in the liver and muscles
B9 A.K.A
Folate, Folic Acid, Folacin
Primary role of B9
Assists with new RBC formation and maturation
Sources of B9
Leafy Green Veggies
Orange Juice
Fortified Cereals
Deficiency of B9
Anemia, Neural Tube Defects, Megaloblastic Anemia-Bone marrow cells not able to make DNA, so developing RBC's cannot divide-just grow bigger
Oral manifestations with B9 deficiency
Fiery, red, swollen tongue
Angular Chelosis
Gingivitis
Toxicity with B9
High folate intake masks the signs of a B12 deficiency