Which statement is true about nutrients and food?
A) Each food usually supplies one type of nutrient.
B) Macronutrients are mostly found in solid foods.
C) Most foods contain mixtures of many nutrients.
D) Each nutrient is best absorbed if eaten alone.
C) Most foods contain mixtures of many nutrients.
Which of the following situations describes the obesogenic environment most accurately?
A) An environment that has high rates of obesity despite access to healthy foods and safe recreational activities
B) The environment in which many of us live that prom
B) The environment in which many of us live that promotes overconsumption of calories while at the same time discouraging physical activity
True or False: An epidemiologic study found that individuals who consume a high saturated fat diet were more likely to develop cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that consuming a high saturated fat diet causes cardiovascular d
False
How many grams of protein are in a product that supplies 160 kilocalories from protein?
160 kcal/4 kcal per gram =40 grams of protein
True or False: James Lind's hypothesis was that a diet lacking in vitamin C, a water soluble vitamin, caused scurvy.
False
An essential nutrient is a chemical that
Must be consumed in the diet because the body cannot make it in sufficient quantity.
During a scientific study, 50 subjects received vitamin E pills and 50 subjects received sugar pills. None of the subjects or investigators knew what was contained in the pills. This type of study is a
Double-blind study. Neither subjects nor investigators know who is receiving the placebo, and this limits potential
The most essential nutrient is
Water
In maintaining proper acid-base balance, proteins act as
Buffers
A high-quality protein does all of the following except
Regulate blood sugar levels
If nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen excretion, the body is said to be in _____ nitrogen balance.
Positive
Based on the RDA for protein intake, an 80-kg adult would need approximately ________ grams of protein a day.
80 x 0.8= 64 grams of protein a day
_____ are protein catalysts for chemical reactions.
Enzymes
People with celiac disease cannot digest _____, a protein found in grains.
Gluten
One of the sensory influences that determines a person's food preferences is the
Texture of food that a person likes.
Nutrients are defined as the chemicals
In foods that are needed for normal body functions
Which condition would increase a person's protein needs the most?
Severe Burn
Which of the following is not a role of proteins as additives in foods?
Preserver
Peptide bond
Attraction between two amino acids
Denaturation
Alteration of a protein by unfolding the polypeptide chain
Collagen
Abundant fibrous protein in connective tissue
Ammonia
Toxic product of protein degradation
True or False: Certain cancer (e.g., colon) has been linked to diets high in animal protein foods.
True
Carbohydrate and lipid are protein sparing because they
Can reduce the need to use amino acids for fuel.
What are some of the health benefits and risks associated with vegetarian diets?
� Develop agriculture
� No animal fertilizers, fish emulsions, blood or bone meal (dried animal bones and blood that is processed from the remains at slaughterhouses)
� Lower risk for cardiovascular disease, lower blood pressure and a longer life expectan
A person with a BMI of 21 falls into what risk range for mortality?
Normal Weight (18.5 to 25)
Excess fat in the ____ increases a person's risk of heart disease and diabetes.
Abdomen
Obesity results when:
There is a chronic positive energy balance
The BMI would not be a good assessment tool for determining _____ mortality risk.
A muscular football player's
The energy expended to digest, absorb, and metabolize the nutrients we consume
Thermic effect of food
The total mass of the body that isn't fat
Lean body mass
A calculation for assessing body weight for height. It is the ratio of weight to height squared
BMI
The relative amount of fat and lean body mass. The proportions of fat, muscle, bone, and other tissues in the body.
Body Composition
True or False: Humans tend to eat more in cold weather
True
___________ is a psychological desire to eat that is related to pleasant sensations associated with food.
Appetite
_____________ is the physical sensation that includes the gnawing feeling in your stomach. It signals the physiological need to eat
Hunger
____________ is the feeling of satisfaction and fullness that signals the end of a meal.
Satiation
___________ is a feeling of satisfaction and fullness following eating that quells the desire for food.
Satiety
Which of the following are causes Denise cited for patients experiencing fatigue?
Lack of sleep
Dehydration
Not eating enough carbohydrates
Which of the following is not a recommendation Denise gave about recovery nutrition?
A. Consume both carbohydrates and protein in a 2:1 ratio within 60 minutes of heavy exercise
B. Recovery nutrition is not necessary after a 50 minute Zumba class.
C. Drin
All of the Above
For the last two hours before exercise, Denise recommends consuming less_______ no fiber and no fat. This minimizes the time food spends in the stomach, as a full stomach can be uncomfortable while exercising.
Protein
Many athletes, especially those whose sport involves a lot of running, don't get enough ____________in their diet.
Carbohydrates
Colorful diets encourage _________ exposing you to more vitamins and phytochemicals.
Variety
Denise encourages a _________________ to nourish the body and prevent cycles of undereating followed by overeating.
Proactive eating plan
A ___________ can help Irritable Bowel Syndrome sufferers identify triggers.
Low FODMAP diet
Which situation below does not align with Denise's recommendations for supplementation? (In other words, which of the following is advice Denise would not give a client?)
A student has gotten into weight lifting and wants to build muscle but has a hard time eating after exercising. Denise recommends a shake with 50 grams of protein and 2 grams of carbohydrates within 1 hour of finishing a workout.
True or False: The low FODMAP diet is a plan intended for people to follow for the rest of their lives.
False
A serving of which food would be the best source of vitamin E?
Sunflower seeds
Excess vitamin A is most harmful to an embryo during the _____ months of pregnancy.
First and second
The primary function of vitamin K in the body is to:
Promote blood clotting
Beta-carotene is a precursor to __________
Vitamin A
A deficiency of _____ causes beriberi
Thiamin
Consuming excess amounts of folate may mask a(n) ________deficiency
Vitamin B12
Elevated homocysteine levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Homocysteine levels in blood are influenced by all of the following nutrients except:
Vitamin C
Pellagra
Niacin deficiency disorder
Glossitis
Sign of riboflavin deficiency
Pernicious Anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency disorder
Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency disorder
Megadoses of niacin can
Cause itchy, tingling, flushed skin.
The first visible symptom of a vitamin C deficiency is:
Bleeding gums
True or False: By eating a variety of healthful foods, most healthy people can meet their needs for water-soluble vitamins.
True
Which vitamin is not naturally present in plant foods?
Vitamin B12
Which of the following persons has the lowest risk of dehydration?
A pregnant woman with fair skin
Hyperkalemia
Can be a sign of kidney failure
Copy of Reducing ___ consumption would also reduce chloride intake
Sodium
True or False: Vitamin D increases calcium absorption by the intestines
True
True or False: Only about 25 to 35 percent of the 300 milligrams of calcium in 1 cup of milk is bioavailable
True
True or False: A loss of body water equal to 20 percent of one's body weight can lead to kidney failure and death
True
Major functions of calcium
Nerve function
Blood clotting
Muscle contractions
Which substance interferes with the absorption of calcium?
Phytates in grains
Major dietary sources of potassium
Spinach and potatoes