What percentage of an adult's body is water?
60
The hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excrete it is :
ADH
Electrolytes in the body function to:
maintain fluid balance
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
iron
The primary regulator of extracellular fluid volume is:
sodium
An important function of chloride in the body is to:
maintain fluid balance
Potassium:
is the body's principal electrolyte inside the cells
Heart failure related to potassium loss may occur:
as a result of severe diarrhea
The typical U.S. diet provides __________ potassium.
inadequate
When blood calcium falls too low, a regulatory system acts in three locations to raise it. Which of these is not one of the locations?
stomach
Which of the following enhances calcium absorption from the GI tract?
vitamin D
Magnesium's major functions in the body include all of the following except:
regulation of body temperature
Amino acids containing the mineral ________ help to form the shape of proteins.
sulfur
Iron is a component of the protein _________ which transports oxygen in the bloodstream.
hemoglobin
Pica is a behavior seen in some people who are deficient in:
iron
Which of the following food components or nutrients does not contribute to iron deficiency?
Vitamin C
Zinc is most abundant in foods with a high ______ content.
protein
Keshan disease is related to a deficiency of:
selenium
Fluoride seems to be helpful in preventing:
dental decay
When selecting a vitamin-mineral supplement, choose one in which the nutrient levels are:
at or very close to the RDA
The most potent single predictor of an infant's future health status is:
the infant's birth weight
The effects of malnutrition during critical periods in pregnancy:
are irreversible
Ample carbohydrate is needed by the pregnant woman in order to:
fuel the fetal brain and spare protein needed for fetal growth
The RDA for protein during pregnancy is an additional ______ grams per day.
25
Pregnant women who are vegans should get their protein from:
legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and tofu
A low intake of __________ increases the likelihood that an infant will be born with a neural tube defect.
folate
Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of:
preterm delivery
What nutrients are typically found in greater quantities in prenatal supplements compared to regular vitamin/mineral supplements?
folate, iron, calcium
The benefits of physical activity during pregnancy include all of the following except:
it prevents anemia
Nora, who is pregnant, awakens at 2 AM craving pickles and chocolate sauce. The craving probably indicates that she:
is experiencing hormone-related changes in taste and other senses
The warning signs of preeclampsia include:
hypertension, edema, and protein in the urine
Herbal supplements during pregnancy:
are not recommended due to lack of evidence about their safety and effectiveness
The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics support exclusive breastfeeding until an infant is ________ months old.
6
If a lactating woman's diet is poor, her milk:
quality will be maintained at the expense of maternal stores
Which of the following situations indicates that the mother should not breastfeed?
drug addiction
An infant weighing 7 pounds at birth would normally weigh about _______ pounds at five months of age.
14
With the possible exception of _________, the vitamin content of the breast milk of a well-nourished mother is ample.
vitamin D
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a supplement of ________ for all infants who are exclusively breastfed in the first six months of life.
vitamin D
Which of the following is considered a risk of formula feeding an infant?
Formula may be incorrectly prepared and cause malnutrition and growth failure.
The two nutrients needed early by infants and provided by the introduction of solid foods are:
iron and vitamin C
A one-year-old child needs about ______ kcalories a day.
800
A child who drinks a lot of milk and won't consume much else is likely to show signs of:
anemia
Which of the following is likely to occur if candy, cola, and other concentrated sweets are permitted in large quantities during the growing years?
obesity
Which of the following statements is false?
Children can be trusted to naturally choose healthful foods.
How many ounces of protein foods are needed daily to meet nutrient needs for a child who needs 1000kcal/day?
2
Nutrient deficiencies during childhood:
can affect a child's mood and behavior
When a food protein enters the body and evokes an immunologic response, this causes:
a food allergy
Which of the following foods is most likely to cause anaphylactic shock?
peanuts
True hyperactivity:
is not caused by poor nutrition
Which of the following statements regarding children's food intake and health status is true?
.17% of U.S. children and teens 2-19 years of
A leading cause of pediatric hypertension is:
obesity
Which of the following is not generally a recommended approach for the treatment of childhood obesity?
dietary restriction
Children are more likely to eat vegetables when they are:
raw or slightly undercooked
All of the following factors undermine the efforts of the National School Lunch program to serve nutritious food at school except:
the availability of salad bars
Nutrients often found lacking in teenage diets include:
iron, calcium, and vitamin D
According to researchers, two behaviors of teens that can lead to weight gain are:
skipping breakfast and eating fast food
Snacks provide about _____ of the average teenager's total daily food energy intake.
?
At home, where teenagers are frequently snacking, the best strategy for parents is to stock the pantry with:
easy-to-grab nutritious foods
Adolescents eat about _____ of their meals away from home, which can enhance or hinder their nutritional well-being.
03-Jan
Persistent high blood cholesterol levels may need to be treated with drugs in children once they are _____ years old.
10
Increasing evidence suggests that overweight and obesity in middle age are associated with Alzheimer's disease.
TRUE
Iron-deficiency anemia is more common in older adults than in young people.
FALSE
Older adults spend more money per person on foods to eat at home than other age groups.
TRUE
The fastest growing age group in the U.S. population is people over:
85
Life expectancy in the U.S. is _______ years.
78
The benefits of physical activity in older adults include all of the following except:
decreased muscle mass
The known connection between osteoarthritis and nutrition is related to:
overweight
Rheumatoid arthritis may respond to a dietary intervention involving a diet:
low in saturated fat and high in omega-3 fatty acids
Your grandfather is having trouble with his short-term memory. You suggest that he may be experiencing symptoms of a deficiency of:
DHA
The estimated energy requirements for adults decrease steadily after age:
19
Which of the following sources of protein are most appropriate for older adults?
legumes & fish
Protein is especially important for older adults to:
support a healthy immune system
Dehydrated older adults are more susceptible to all of the following except
Emphysema
Older adults face a greater risk of vitamin D deficiency than young people due to:
limited exposure to sunlight
An estimated ____% of adults 51 years and older lose the ability to absorb vitamin B12.
10 to 30
All of the following factors increase an older person's risk of iron deficiency except:
limited intake of milk
The most common drug that can affect nutrition in older people is:
alcoho
Characteristics of foods preferred by many older adults include all of the following except:
inclusion of new recipes
Which of the following is not a common risk factor for malnutrition in older adults?
eating disorders
The largest federal food assistance program is:
SNAP
The 24 hour recall provides accurate and complete data for assessing an individual's diet.
FALSE
Serum protein values can be affected by fluid imbalances, pregnancy, infections, and some medications.
TRUE
Malnutrition:
often increases overall patient care costs
The registered dietitian performs all of the following services except:
changing a patient's diet order
Which of the following is not one of the nurse's roles in nutrition care of a patient?
developing, implementing, and evaluating nutrition care plans
Which of the following health professionals does not assume a primary role for developing and implementing nutrition care plans?
Pharmacist
The medical history provides information about:
genetic susceptibility to diseases
What is the first thing you ate or drank yesterday morning?" is often the first question asked in a:
24-hour food recall
Which of the following medical problems is not generally associated with malnutrition?
incontinence
Which of the following methods of collecting a dietary history is the most time-consuming and requires a high degree of motivation to complete?
food record
Which of the following can be used to record behaviors associated with eating physical activity, medications, and symptom associated with eating?
food record
When direct observations are used to generate an estimate of a client's current food intake, the procedure is called a:
kcalorie count
Which of the following is used in infancy to assess brain development?
head circumference
Which of the following is most valuable for evaluating the degree of nutrition risk associated with acute illness?
percent usual body weight
Which of the following laboratory tests would aid in the diagnosis of anemia?
red blood cell count
Which of the following statements about albumin is false?
it is a sensitive indicator of effective nutritional intervention
Albumin has a half-life of:
2-3 weeks
Among the following, the least expensive lab test for evaluating protein status is:
albumin
The human body contains _________ chromosomes.
46
An elderly male is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of malnutrition three months after his wife died. The nurse recognizes that this is most likely due to which criteria for identifying malnutrition risk?
depression or social isolation