The first pathway glucose takes on its way to yield energy is called
glycolysis
The accumulation of lactate in the muscle is the cause of
none of these
Which of the following statements regarding the basic units of energy-yielding nutrients is false?
Amino acids have 2, 3, or more carbons with a sulfur molecule attached.
Which cell structure is known as the "powerhouse" of cells and is where fatty acid oxidation and the TCA cycle?
mitochondria
When a person consumes abundant carbs
turns to fat
The cell's work that maintains all life processes without any conscious effort refers to the body's
basal metabolism
_____________ are compounds produced during the incomplete breakdown of fat when glucose is not available.
Ketone bodies
__________________ is the first 4-carbon compound to enter the TCA cycle.
Oxaloacetate
Which organ is the primary site of alcohol metabolism ?
Liver
Alcohol impacts the metabolism of the B vitamin _____.
Folate
Moderate consumption of alcohol may reduce the risk of
all of these
Which of the following statements regarding excess energy intake is false?
The body uses less energy to convert dietary carb to body fat than dietary fat to body fat.
1 oz of alcohol =
.5 oz of fat
Energy released during breakdown is stored as
ATP
Which of the following is not a manner in which alcohol disrupts the liver?
Activating vitamin C
When a person consumes abundant carb, the body handles the carb by storing it as
glycogen
The pathway from dietary _______ to body fat is most direct.
fat
When glycogen or protein is broken down ____ production increases.
urine
Which of the following compounds cannot be converted to glucose?
fatty acids
Which type of energy is stored in foods?
chemical
Which of the following serving sizes of alcohol is not equivalent to one drink?
12 oz of wine cooler
Cells of which organ are the most metabolically active?
liver
Muscle develop in response to
hormones and physical activity
Acetyl CoA has two main functions - to synthesize ________ or to generate ATP.
Fats
Alcohol is the _______ leading preventable cause of death in the U.S.
third
Which element is always ultimately involved whenever carb, fat, or protein are broken down?
oxygen
Visceral fat is associated with an increased risk in all of the following condition except
osteoporosis
People afflicted with muscle dysmorphia tend to
all of these choices
Which of the following is not lost when weight gains or losses are rapid?
glycogen stores
Which of the following is not an element of the female athlete triad?
heart disease
Which of the following is a risk factor associated with metabolic syndrome?
all of these choices
As a person eats and they fell full the response of _____________ occurs and the person stops eating.
satiation
The commonly used method to assess body fat can differentiate among fat-free soft tissues, fat tissues, and bone tissues.
DEXA, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
Approximately _____ of daily energy expenditure can be attribute to the thermic effect of food.
10%
Which of the following identifies a healthy body mass index (BMI) range?
18.5 to 24.9 BMI
Heat released when the body breaks down carb, fat, or protein for energy is called
thermogenesis
All of the following are cardiovascular diseases risk factors associated with obesity except
high HDL
Which of the following people does not have an increase in their BMR?
a person who is fasting
Which of the following nutrients provides the strongest satiety signals when it enters the intestine?
fats
BMI values are a representation of a person's ____ and _____.
height and weight
In general, health problems typically develop when body fat exceeds ____ in young men and _____ in young women.
22% in men and 32% in women
All of the following are risks associated with being underweight except
heightened fertility
Which part of the brain triggers the nerve signals and chemical messengers responsible for the hunger response?
hypothalamus
Which of the following statements regarding BMR is false?
Lean body mass decreases with age, increasing the BMR.
Foods high in _________ provide high levels of satiation.
fiber and protein only
Which of the following is not a function of fat in the body?
makes vitamin A
Which of the following factors can stimulate the physiological response of hunger?
all of these
1 pound of body fat =
3500 kcal
Which of the following is the most important criterion for determining how much a person should weigh and how much body fat a person needs?
longevity
Which of the following is not an effect associated with starvation as in anorexia nervosa?
high blood pressure
Which of the following is a risk associated with being overweight?
all of these
Which of the following statements regarding how anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa sometimes overlap is false?
none of these
Which if the following is not an indicator used by health care professional in evaluating the risks to health from obesity?
body weight
All of the following statements regarding weight maintenance are true, except?
Those who are successful in maintaining their weight take in a lower % of kcal from carbs than the national avg.
An ideal diet for maintaining the satiating hormone and minimizing the appetite hormone is a diet that is low in ______ and high in _____.
low in fat and high in fiber
Which of the following statements regarding environmental influences and food intake is incorrect?
People tend to eat less food when socializing.
Depending on initial body weight, a reasonable rate of weight loss for overweight people is _____ of body weight over six months.
10%
Rapid weight loss is defined as losing more than _______ pounds per week
1.5 to 2 lbs per week
Which of the following regarding herbal supplements is false?
Consumers can assume a dietary supplement is safe and effective if it is available for sale.
Which of the following is not a satiating hormone?
ghrelin
Which of the following statements regarding similarities between weight loss and weight gain is incorrect?
The consumption of more energy rich foods is the key to weight loss but not weight gain.
Which of the following regarding underweight person and a person with anorexia nervosa is different?
Levels of the hormone leptin and levels of the hormone ghrelin only.
Which of the following drugs inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in the GI tract, thereby blocking dietary fat digestion and absorption by about 30%?
orlistat
Which of the following hormones is released from fat cells under the direction of the ob gene resulting in a suppressed appetite and increased energy expenditure?
Leptin
Obesity due to an increase in the size of fat cells is called ____________ obesity.
hypertrophic
Which of the following statements regarding activity is false?
Most people feel immediately hungry after a workout.
In which of the following ways does water help weight management?
All of these
Perhaps the greatest appeal with fad diets is that they tend to
ignore dietary reccomendations
Restaurant servings are now _______ times larger.
02-Aug
Which of the following hormones released from adipose tissue and seems to have beneficial effects in protecting against insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases?
adiponectin
Which of the following statements regarding gender and fat cells metabolism is false/
The release of lower-body fat (around the hips and thighs) is more active in women than in men.
During which stage in life is the prevention of obesity most critical?
adolescence
To preent weight gain, the DRI suggests an accumulation of _________ minutes of moderately intense physical activity every day.
60 minutes
Which of the following statement regarding brown adipose tissue is false?
Overweight and obese individuals have more brown fat activity than any other group.
Which of the following factors does influence the number of kcal burned in an activity?
height
Which of the following regarding breakfast consumption is incorrect?
Those that frequently eat breakfast have a higher BMI than those that skip breakfast.