decreased red blood cell synthesis
symptoms of a folate deficiency include
water
the category of vitamins that need to be replaced daily are the ____-soluble vitamins
exposure to oxygen, exposure to sunlight, deep fat frying
the vitamin E content of a food may be affected by
FALSE
T/F vitamins are considered non-essential nutrients because we need them in small amounts
animal
vitamin B-12 is found in ____ foods only
enriched flour, pork, whole grains
identify three food sources of thiamin
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
the point at which toxic levels of vitamin A may develop is called the
enriched
grain products are ____ with B vitamins and the mineral iron to lessen the risk of deficiency
lowered production of stomach acid and reduced output of intrinsic factor
older adults are at greater risk for pernicious anemia due to
reducing cell damage from free radicals
antioxidants help reduce the risk of cancer by
bioavailability
the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed and available to the body is called the
wound healing and formation of collage
which of the following are functions of vitamin C
greater stress placed on the lungs due to oxidative damage
smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because of the
carbohydrates
thiamin is a key component required to release energy from
citrus fruits, strawberries, potatoes
which of the following are good sources of vitamin C
are able to synthesize the vitamin
animals, unlike humans, do NOT need a daily source of vitamin C because they
folate
all grain products must be fortified with ____, a B-vitamin
autoimmune disorders and cancer risk
health risks for low levels of vitamin D include an increase in
blindness
a severe vitamin A deficiency can lead to xeropthalmia, which results in
night blindness
____ ____ is an early sign of vitamin A deficiency
nuts, plant oils, and whole grains
foods that are good sources of vitamin E include
longer
a person with dark skin would need a ____ exposure time to sunlight to synthesize vitamin D
fat;water
the ____-soluble vitamins are more readily stored in the body than ____-soluble vitamins
filtered and excreted by the kidneys
water-soluble vitamins are not usually stored because they are
milk, eggs, and enriched grains
food sources of riboflavin include
preformed vitamin A
fish and fish oils and liver are natural sources of
antioxidants
the components in vitamins thought to be responsible for reducing the risk of cancer by destroying free radicals are
kidney disease and poor intestinal absorption
risk factors associated with osteomalacia
can be lost through improper handling
the vitamin content of fresh fruits and vegetables
poultry, beef, and fish
dietary sources of niacin include
fresh fruits and vegetables
the highest folate content may be obtained from eating
dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis (4 D's, ..death)
pellagra, the deficiency disease for niacin, is characterized by
vitamin C
enhances iron absorption
their intestines lack enough bacteria to produce vitamin K
infants are given an injection of vitamin K at birth because
rickets
the deficiency disease associated with inadequate intake of vitamin D is
antioxidant
vitamin C may reduce cancer risk due to its ____ properties
inefficient fat digestion and absorption
how might a person who consumes a diet adequate in fat still develop a fat-soluble vitamin deficiency
improper storage, heating or cooking, and exposure to light
examples of processes that can cause a loss of certain vitamins
intrinsic factor
what substance produced by the digestive system is necessary in order to absorb vitamin B-12
are stored in the body
consuming large amounts of fat-soluble vitamins is a problem because they
increases
the fact that fat-soluble vitamins are stored in fat calls ____ our risk of toxicity if megadoses are consumed
folate
____, a B vitamin, is important in DNA synthesis
are excreted from the body
megadoses of vitamin C
itching, facial flushing, and headahce
high intakes of nicotinic acid can lead to
vitamin D
identify the fat-soluble vitamin most likely to be deficient
canola oil, green leafy, vegetables, and broccoli
identify the sources of vitamin K
she is wasting her money; excess vitamin C is excreted from the body
Mary tells you that she is taking 1 g of vitamin C daily to prevent a cold. what would you tell Mary
scurvy
the deficiency disease for vitamin C is called
tuna, 3 oz
which of the following foods is the best source of niacin
have decreased absorption and tend to have inadequate consumption
older people are at risk of folate deficiency because they
becoming very large and unable to divide due to the lack of DNA
the red blood cells of a folate-deficient person differ from a healthy person by
enriched cereals and green leafy vegetables
to meet the daily requirements for folate, a person might include which foods in their diet