24 HOUR FOOD RECALL
CLIENT RECALL OF ALL THE FOOD AND BEVERAGES CONSUMED DURING A TYPICAL 24 HOUR PERIOD
ANABOLISM
A PROCESS IN WHICH SIMPLE SUBSTANCES ARE CONVERTED BY THE BODY'S CELLS INTO MORE COMPLEX SUBSTANCES (E.G. BUILDING TISSUE, POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE)
ANEMIA
A CONDITION IN WHICH THE BLOOD IS DEFICIENT IN RED BLOOD CELLS OR HEMOGLOBIN
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
A DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY A PROLONGED INABILITY OR REFUSAL TO EAT, RAPID WEIGHT LOSS, AND EMACIATION IN PERSONS WHO CONTINUE TO BELIEVE THEY ARE FAT
BASAL METABOLIC RATE
THE RATE OF ENERGY UTILIZATION IN THE BODY REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN ESSENTIAL ACTIVITIES SUCH AS BREATHING
BODY MASS INDEX
INDICATES WHETHER WEIGHT IS APPROPRIATE FOR HEIGHT
BOTTLE MOUTH SYNDROME
DESCRIBES THE DECAY OF AN INFANT'S TEETH CAUSED BY CONSTANT CONTACT WITH SWEET LIQUID FROM A BOTTLE
BULIMIA
AN UNCONTROLLABLE COMPULSION TO EAT LARGE AMOUNTS OF FOOD AND THEN EXPEL IT BY SELF-INDUCED VOMITING OR BY TAKING LAXATIVES
CALORIC VALUE
THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY THAT NUTRIENTS OR FOODS SUPPLY TO THE BODY
CALORIE
A UNIT OF HEAT ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 KG OF WATER 1 DEGREE CELCIUS; ALSO CALLED KILOCALORIE OR LARGE CALORIE
CATABOLISM
A PROCESS IN WHICH COMPLEX SUBSTANCES ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES (E.G. BREAKDOWN OF TISSUE)
CHOLESTEROL
A LIPID THAT DOES NOT CONTAIN FATTY ACID BUT POSSESSES MANY OF THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF OTHER LIPIDS
COMPLETE PORTEINS
A PROTEIN THAT CONTAINS ALL OF THE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AS WELL AS MANY NONESSENTIAL ONES
DEMAND FEEDING
CHILD IS FED WHEN HUNGRY
DIET HISTORY
A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF A CLIENT'S FOOD INTAKE THAT INVOLVES AN EXTENSIVE INTERVIEW BY A NUTRITIONIST OR DIETITIAN
DISACCHARIDES
SUGARS THAT ARE COMPOSED OF DOUBLE MOLECULES
DYSPHAGIA
DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING
ENTERAL
THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
ENZYMES
BIOLOGIC CATALYSTS THAT SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
AMINO ACIDS THAT CANNOT BE MANUFACTURED IN THE BODY AND MUST BE SUPPLIED AS PART OF THE PROTEIN INGESTED IN THE DIET
FAD
A WIDESPREAD BUT SHORT-LIVED INTEREST, OR A PRACTICE FOLLOWED WITH CONSIDERABLE ZEAL
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
A, D, E, AND K VITAMINS THAT THE BODY CAN STORE
FATS
LIPIDS THAT ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
FATTY ACIDS
THE BASIC STRUCTURAL UNITS OF MOST LIPIDS MADE UP OF CARBON CHAINS AND HYDROGREN
FOOD DIARY
A DETAILED RECORD OF MEASURED AMOUNTS (PORTION SIZES) OF ALL FOOD AND FLUIDS A CLIENT CONSUMES DURING A SPECIFIED PERIOD, USUALLY 3 TO 7 DAYS
FOOD FREQUENCY RECORD
A CHECKLIST THAT INDICATES HOW OFTEN GENERAL FOOD GROUPS OR SPECIFIC FOODS ARE EATEN
GASTROSTOMY
AN OPENING THROUGH THE ABDOMINAL WALL INTO THE STOMACH
GLYCERIDES
THE MOST COMMON FORM OF LIPIDS CONSISTING OF A GLYCEROL MOLECULE WITH UP TO THREE FATTY ACIDS
GLYCOGEN
THE CHIEF CARBOHYDRATE STORED IN THE BODY, PARTICULARLY IN THE LIVER AND MUSCLES
IDEAL BODY WEIGHT
THE OPTIMAL WEIGHT RECOMMENDED FOR OPTIMAL HEALTH
INCOMPLETE PROTEINS
PROTEIN THAT LACKS ONE OR MORE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS; USUALLY DERIVED FROM VEGETABLES
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
A FORM OF ANEMIA CAUSED BY INADEQUATE SUPPLY OF IRON FOR SYNTHESIS OF HEMOGLOBIN
JEJUNOSTOMY
A TUBE THAT IS PLACED SURGICALLY OR BY LAPAROSCOPY THROUGH THE ABDOMINAL WALL INTO THE JEJUNUM FOR LONG-TERM NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
KILOCALORIE
A UNIT OF HEAT ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 KG OF WATER 1 DEGREE CELCIUS; ALSO CALLED CALORIE OR LARGE CALORIE
KILOJOULE
A METRIC MEASUREMENT REFERRING TO THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED WHEN A FORCE OF 1 NEWTON MOVES 1 KG OF WEIGHT 1 M OF DISTANCE
LARGE CALORIE
A UNIT OF HEAT ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 KG OF WATER 1 DEGREE CELCIUS; ALSO CALLED CALORIE OR KILOCALORIE
LIPIDS
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES THAT ARE GREASY AND INSOLUBLE IN WATER BUT SOLUBLE IN ALCOHOL OR ETHER
LIPOPROTEINS
SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS MADE UP OF VARIOUS LIPIDS
MACROMINERALS
ANY OF THE MINERALS THAT PEOPLE REQUIRE DAILY IN AMOUNTS OVER 100 MG
MACRONUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES, FATS, AND PROTEIN THAT ARE NEEDED IN LARGE AMOUNTS TO PROVIDE ENERGY
MALNUTRITION
THE LACK OF NECESSARY OR APPROPRIATE FOOD SUBSTANCES THAT INCLUDES BOTH UNDERNUTRITION AND OVERNUTRITION
METABOLISM
THE SUM OF ALL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES BY WHICH A LIVING SUBSTANCE IS FORMED AND MAINTAINED AND BY WHICH ENERGY IS MADE AVAILABLE FOR USE BY THE ORGANISM
MICROMINERALS
A VITAMIN OR MINERAL
MICRONUTRIENTS
THOSE VITAMINS AND MINERALS REQUIRED IN SMALL AMOUNTS TO METABOLIZE THE ENERGY-PROVIDING NUTRIENTS
MID ARM CIRCUMFERENCE
A MEASURE OF FAT, MUSCLEW, AND SKELETON
MID ARM MUSCLE AREA
CALCULATED BY USING REFERENCE TABLES OR BY USING A FORMULA THAT INCORPORATES THE TRICEPS SKINFOLD AND THE MAC
MINERALS
SUBSTANCES FOUND IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, AS INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND AS FREE IONS
MONOSACCHARIDES
SUGARS THAT ARE COMPOSED OF SINGLE MOLECULES
MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
A FATTY ACID WITH ONE DOUBLE BOND
NASOENTERIC TUBE
A TUBE INSERTED THROUGH ONE OF THE NOSTRILS, DOWN THE NASOPHARYNX, AND INTO THE ALIMENTARY TRACT
NASOGASTRIC TUBE
A TUBE INSERTED BY WAY OF THE NASOPHARYNX OR THE OROPHARYNX; IT IS PLACED INTO THE STOMACH FOR THE TEMPORARY PURPOSE OF FEEDING THE CLIENT OR TO REMOVE GASTRIC SECRETIONS
NITROGEN BALANCE
A MEASURE OF THE DEGREE OF PROTEIN ANABOLISM AND CATABOLISM; NET RESULT OF INTAKE AND LOSS OF NITROGEN
NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
AN AMINO ACID THAT THE BODY CAN MANUFACTURE
NUTRIENTS
ORGANIC, INORGANIC, ENERGY-PRODUCING SUBSTANCES FOUND IN FOODS AND REQUIRED FOR BODY FUNCTIONING
NUTRITION
THE SUM OF ALL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AN ORGANISM AND THE FOOD IT CONSUMES
NUTRITIVE VALUE
THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF A SPECIFIED AMOUNT OF FOOD
OBESE
WHEN BODY MASS INDEX IS GREATER THAN 30 KG/M2
OILS
LIPIDS THAT ARE LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
OVERNUTRITION
REFERS TO A CALORIC INTAKE IN EXCESS OF DAILY ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, RESULTING IN STORAGE OF ENERGY IN THE FORM OF INCREASED ADIPOSE TISSUE
OVERWEIGHT
A BMI OF 26-30 KG/M2
PERCUTANEIOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY
A PROCEDURE IN WHICH A PEG CATHETER IS INSERTED INTO THE STOMACH THROUGH THE SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES OF THE ABDOMEN; USED AS A FEEDING TUBE
PERCUTANEIOUS ENDOSCOPIC JEJUNOSTOMY
A PROCEDURE IN WHICH A PEJ CATHETER IS INSERTED INTO THE JEJUNUM THROUGH THE SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES OF THE ABDOMEN; USED AS A FEEDING TUBE
POLYSACCHARIDES
A BRANCHED CHAIN OF DOZENS, SOMETIMES HUNDREDS, OF GLUCOSE MODELCULES; STARCHES
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
FATTY ACID WITH MORE THAN ONE DOUBLE BOND (OR MANY CARBONS NOT BONDED TO A HYDROGEN ATOM)
PROTEIN CALORIE MALNUTRITION
AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL INTAKE AND THE BODY'S PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS
PUREED DIET
A MODIFICATION OF THE SOFT DIET WHEREIN LIQUID MAY BE ADDED TO THE FOOD, WHICH IS THEN BLENDED TO A SEMISOLID CONSISTENCY
REFEEDING SYNDROME
A COMBINATION OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE SHIFTS THAT CAN OCCUR AFTER A LENGTHY PERIOD OF MALNUTRITION OR STARVATION. THIS SYNDROME CAN OCCUR WHEN THE STARVING BODY CONVERTS FROM CREATING GLUCOSE FROM CARBOHYDRATES TO CREATING IT FROM PROTEIN STORES SINCE CA
REGURGITATION
THE SPITTING UP OR BACKWARD FLOW OF UNDIGESTED FOOD
RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE
THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN BASIC BODY FUNCTIONS
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
THOSE IN WHICH ALL CARBON ATOMS ARE FILLED TO CAPACITY WITH HYDROGEN
SKINFOLD MEASUREMENT
AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF BODY FAT, THE MAIN FORM OF STORED ENERGY
SMALL CALORIE
THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 G OF WATER 1 DEGREE CELCIUS
TRIGLYCERIDES
SUBSTANCES THAT HAVE THREE FATTY ACIDS; THEY ACCOUNT FOR MORE THAN 90% OF THE LIPIDS IN FOOD AND IN THE BODY
UNDERNUTRITION
INTAKE OF NUTRIENTS INSUFFICIENT TO MEET DAILY ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AS A RESULT OF INADEQUATE FOOD INTAKE OR IMPROPER DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF FOOD
UNSATURATED FATTY ACID
A FATTY ACID THAT COULD ACCOMMODATE MORE HYDROGEN ATOMS THAN IT CURRENTLY DOES
UREA
A SUBSTANCE FOUND IN URINE, BLOOD, AND LYMPH; THE MAIN NITOGENOUS SUBSTANCE IN BLOOD
VITAMIN
AN ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT CANNOT BE MANUFACTURED BY THE BODY AND IS NEEDED IN SMALL QUANTITIES TO CATALYZE METABOLIC PROCESSES
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMINS THAT THE BODY CANNOT STORE, SO PEOPLE MUST GET A DAILY SUPPLY IN THE DIET; INCLUDE C AND B-COMPLEX VITAMINS