_________________________ appears as a dolphin to a group pf Cretan sailors. In awe, the sailors, with the help of Apollo sail to Crisa. Apollo reveals self, the men become the first attendants of the sanctuary.
Apollo
universal place for all Greeks
Panhellenic
Navel" of the world, basically central point of the earth, as marked by the Stone of Cronus. Located in Delphi.
Omphalos
These games were held every four years in Delphi and honored the god, Apollo.
Pythian games
a symbol of divine and prohetic power
Tripod
Archery, thus disease, thus medicine The lyre (hence poetry, dance, and art) The sun The oracle at Delphi Intelligence, civilization, restraint Protection of shepherds
Apollo (characteristics)
Cumean Sibyl Cassandra Marpessa Cyrene
Apollo's "four loves
a prophetess, wishes for birthdays, forgets to wish for youth
Sibyl
Agrees to "give herself" to Apollo in exchange for prophecy, Changes her mind, given the ability to utter prophecy that no one believes
Cassandra
Successful love story! Apollo admires her wrestling a lion, takes her to Libya, their son Aristaeus becomes a beekeeper
Syrene
_______________________________________boasts to Eros (Cupid) that his victory over Python was greater than Cupid's abilities with the bow and arrow (bad idea) Cupid shoots ________________________ with a leaden arrow, Apollo with a golden arrow _________
Apollo and Daphne
_________________________________, Spartan youth, Skilled discus thrower. Love of Apollo. Discus Accident! Apollo circumvents his death, transforms him into a flower - thus, a symbol of rebirth. Spartans celebrated a major festival, the Hyacinthia, to hon
Hyacinthus
Son of Apollo, god of healing. Trained by the wise centaur, Chiron. People would visit sanctuaries to __________________________, sleep in them, and wait for visions, etc. Hippocrates was a follower
Asclepius
Satyr (human/horse-like attendants of Dionysus; mirth, wine, nature, sex, music, flute), Challenges Apollo to a musical contest (hubris), Several variations, but Marsyas loses, flayed by Apollo, mourned by followers
Marsyas
Known as the Argeiphontes, or "slayer of Argus". Trickster (steals Apollo's Cattle, etc.). Inventor of Lyre. Divine Messenger. Guide of Souls (Psychopompos)
Hermes
Who steals Apollo's cattle, hides their tracks, and offers sacrifices.... all as a baby?
Hermes
Hermes' mother
Maia
Sees a turtle after being born and does what any kid would do. Kills it and makes a musical instrument from its body....
Lyre (Hermes)
boundary markers, roads, luck, fertility. Symbols of Hermes as traveller
Herms
Who are the parents of Dionysus?
Zeus and Semele
King of Thebes
Cadmos
Zeus implants ___________________________ into his thigh, gives birth to him
Dionysus
___________________ is incinerated, leaving a fetal Dionysus behind
Semele
Semele convinces _______________ to appear in his "full form
Zeus
Raised either by _____________ or _____________
Ino or Nysa
Greek playwright in the 5th c.
Euripedes
a play about Bacchus, his power, and his followers, appeared in 405 BCE.
Bacchae
Dionysus is largely associated with Greek tragedy and the_______________________, the second largest festival in Athens at its height
Dionysia
Dionysus come to Thebes in_ ____________________
Disguise
Staff associated with Dionysian worship
Thrysus
________________________ and _____________________ (Theban seer) accept Dionysus into the city
Cadmus and Tiresias
Young king and son of Agave (and half-brother of Dionysus) opposes Dionysus, ________________________ seeks control over that which cannot be controlled, Dionysus and his worship
Pentheus
Female followers of Dionysus
Maenads and Bacchae
Out of state," "out of one's self", Dionysus and the theatre are associated with this experience
Ecstatic
Emotional outpouring
Catharsis
Part human, part animal (horse/goat)
Satyr
Like satyrs, but older and wiser. Named for Silenus, a famous wise satyr-like teacher
Sileni
The "holy congregation" of worship
Thiasus
Consumption of raw meat
Omophagy
Tearing apart of of sacrificial victim
Sparagmos
Zeus + Persephone = Zagreus/Dionysus
Alternate Dionysus Story
Hera rouses Titans to tear Dionysus Zagreus apart. Different versions of survival, but, in the end, Dionysus is ___________________/reconstituted.
Reborn
Hidden knowledge
Esoteric
_____________________________, _______________________________, _____________________________: all associated with the underworld and return to life.
Orpheus, Persephone, Zagreus
The Trojan Saga began with who?
Leda
Who seduced Leda in a form of a swan?
Zeus
How many children to Leda and Zeus have?
4
Castor and Polydeuces (a.k.a the "Dioscuri"), Helen and Clytemnestra
The children of Zeus and Leda
Famous twin sons of Tyndareus/Zeus
The Dioscuri
The Dioscuri have strong connections to ____________________________
Seafarers
Castor (mortal) dies. Polydeuces chooses to "_______________________" immortality with Castor on alternate days.
Exchange
Daughter of Zeus
Helen
Helen chooses ___________________________ in marriage (over Theseus and Odysseus and other suitors)
Menelaus
Helen was eventually seduced by ______________ (Trojan, brother of Hector), is the "cause" of the Trojan war: Menelaus and the whole Greek expedition go to recover her.
Paris
Goddess of strife
Eris
The incident that ultimately brought on the Trojan War. A contest between the three most beautiful goddesses of Olympos--Aphrodite, Hera and Athena--for the prize of a golden apple. Aphrodite won by offering Helen to King Paris of Troy. It took place at t
Judgement of Paris
Paris' mother
Hecuba
Who fought in the Trojan War?
Troys and Greeks (Achaeans)
King and Queen of Troy
Priam and Hecuba
Son of Priam and Hecuba, brother of Hector, known for killing Achilles (after the Iliad), kidnapping Helen, and being favored by Aphrodite
Paris
Best of the Trojans, son of Priam, brother of Paris. Defender of Troy, killed by Achilles.
Hector
Wife of Hector
Andromache
Son of Hector and Andromache. Meets an early, tragic end.
Astyanax
Son of Anchises and Aphrodite; hugely important for Romans (later).
Aeneas
Lycians (led by Glaucus, Sarpedon), Thracians (led by Rhesus), Aithiopians, Amazons
Trojan Allies
One central city
Troy
A large coalition led by Agamemnon, king of Mycenae.
Greece
King of Mycenae, Greatest ruler; known for his conflict with Achilles, Greatest in prestige, maybe not words or deeds.
Agememnon
brother of Agamemnon, married to Helen
Menelaus
King of Argos, second to Agamemnon, mega-warrior, later goes on exploits with Odysseus.
Diomedes
Great warrior and story-teller of older generation. No tradition of his death
Nestor
The "bulwark" of the Achaeans. Second only to Achilles as a warrior. Rival and foil to Odysseus
Ajax
Leader of the Cretans
Idomeneus
Arguably as great as Achilles. Known for his trickery, intelligence, and strategy (Trojan Horse, for instance). Known especially for his return tale, the Odyssey.
Odysseus
Best of the Achaeans." Son of Thetis and Peleus. "Subject" of the Iliad. Doesn't destroy Troy, but gains immortal glory via the Iliad. Known for extreme skill in fighting and speeches. Semi-divine.
Achilles
_________________________________ was hidden by his mother, Thetis, on the Island of Scyros, dressed as a girl.Had a child with De�damia there, Neoptolemus
Achilles
____________________________________ tricks Achilles into fighting: among the gifts for the king was armor and weaponry. Arranges for a trumpet war-call, Achilles emerges, pretended to be mad, Palamedes ruins the trick.
Odysseus
________________________ and ____________________ - Daughters of Trojans, captive "prizes.
Chryseis and Briseis
The Illiad ends with "And so they buried horse-taming Hector" which symbolizes an end to ___________.
Wrath of Achilles
Achilles called for the Greek army leaders to meet to convince Agamemnon to let Chryseis go. Agamemnon was furious that he had to give up the girl, so he took for himself Achilles' slave girl, Briseis.
Quarrel with Agememnon
_____________________ Beseeches Zeus to help Achilles in book 1 - _____________________ agrees, thus the whole "plan" of the Iliad
Thetis and Zeus
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