Which of the following is true of the trait theories of personality?
They stress that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic responses.
The term ________ refers to the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task.
self-efficacy
Self-report personality tests
directly ask people whether specific items describe their personality traits.
Which of the following is true of the Rorschach inkblot test?
The test does not meet certain criteria of reliability and validity.
Matteo was bitten by a dog when he was 2 years old. As he grew up, he developed an intense fear of dogs. However, he did not remember when and why he started being afraid of dogs. According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism
repression
According to the five-factor model of personality, which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and personality?
Neuroticism is low in self-satisfied individuals.
Which of the following is a belief of the psychodynamic perspectives on personality?
The enduring patterns that make up personality are largely unavailable to an individual's conscious awareness.
Which of the following is true of the structures of personality as described by Sigmund Freud?
The ego acts as a mediator between the conflicting demands of the id and the superego, as well as the real world.
According to the Freudian structures of personality, which of the following statements is true of the superego?
It does not consider reality.
Six-month-old Ian loves to suck on anything he can get his hands on (e.g., fingers, dolls, blocks, rattles). The fact that Ian receives pleasure and comfort by exploring the world with his mouth suggests that he is in the ________ stage of psychosexual de
oral
Welma is unable to accept the fact that she has been diagnosed with lung cancer. She refuses treatment despite her family's attempts to convince her. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Welma is unconsciously engaging in a defense mechanism called
denial.
Cookie Monster, one of the characters on the children's TV show Sesame Street, has an intense urge to consume cookies, even when doing so is irrational and maladaptive. Eating cookies gives Cookie Monster a great source of pleasure and satisfaction. Freud
id
According to Jung, the deepest, impersonal layer of the unconscious mind that is shared by all humans because of their common ancestral past is called the
collective unconscious.
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Which of the following is a criticism of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Sexuality is not the pervasive force behind personality that Freud believed it to be.
A(n) ________ presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or to tell a story about it�to launch their own meaning onto the stimulus.
projective test
________ is a defense mechanism that involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target.
Displacement
The big five factors of personality are neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and
conscientiousness.
According to Freud, the ________ is reflected in what we often call conscience and evaluates the morality of our behavior.
superego
Which of the following is a criticism of the humanistic perspectives on personality?
They overestimate people's freedom and rationality.