reparations

the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged.

the Great Migration

Movement of 6 million African-Americans from the South to the North, Midwest, and West between 1910 and 1970

sharecropping

a tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent.

with impunity

without being punished

disenfranchise

to deprive of the right to vote

lynching

putting a person to death by mob action without due process of law (typically by hanging the person)

due process

fair treatment through the normal judicial system

chain gang

A group of prisoners chained together while engaged in forced labor.

vagrant

A person without a settled home or regular work (vagrancy)

Jim Crow

Beginning in 1870, state and local laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites.

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

Harriet Tubman

Former slave who helped slaves escape on the Underground Railroad.

Dred Scott

Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott 7-2 that he wasn't a citizen (escaped slave) in 1857.

John Brown

Radical white abolitionist who raided the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, then was hanged

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln's ultimatum to rebel states that their slaves would be freed

civil disobedience

breaking a law that is unjust

martyr

somebody who dies for a cause

Ida B. Wells Barnett

worked to end "lynching bees

abolitionist

somebody who wanted to end slavery.

Nat Turner

Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831. His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America and led the state legislature of Virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery.

Plessy vs Ferguson case

1896 Supreme Court ruling upheld that separate facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional as long as they were equal. "Separate but equal

Brown v. Board of Education

The 1954 Supreme Court which finally overturned separate but equal.

13th Amendment

ended slavery everywhere in the U.S.