Parts of a nucleotide
- 5 carbon sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base
How many DNA molecules are in a somatic (body) cell?
46
How many DNA molecules are in a gamete cell?
23
What are the DNA base pairs?
- Adenine & Thymine
- Cytosine & Guanine
What is the result of mitosis?
Cell growth & repair
How are gametes produced?
Through Meiosis
How many different nucleotides are there?
4
How many nucleotides make up the entire human genome?
3 billion
What does RNA replace thymine with?
Uracil
What does DNA gives the instructions for?
protein synthesis
What holds base pairs together?
Hydrogen bonds
What holds nucleotides together?
hydrogen bonds (bonding)
Do all nucleotides have the same structure?
Yes
What is DNA a prerequisite for?
Cell Division
(must happen before both meiosis & mitosis)
What are other ways to refer to body cells?
- Somatic cells
- Diploid cells
In fertilization:
zygote --> mitosis --> eblastula --> fetus
What is a purine?
a double-ringed nitrogenous base
Which bases are purines?
- Adenine
- Guanine
What is a pyrimidine?
single-ringed nitrogenous base
Which bases are pyrimidines?
- Thymine
- Cytosine
Differences in RNA and DNA
RNA: Ribose is the sugar
Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T)
RNA: Single stranded, DNA: Double Stranded
Where is RNA produced?
In the nucleus (just like DNA)
Which bases have 2 hydrogen bonds?
Adenine & Thymine
Which bases have 3 hydrogen bonds?
Cytosine & Guanine
What is fertilization?
Fusion of an egg and sperm cell
What is meiosis used for?
- It is used for sexual reproduction
- To create gametes
Where does meiosis occur in males?
in the testes as part of spermatogenesis (sperm production)
Where does meiosis occur in females?
in the ovaries as part of oogenesis (production of eggs).
What is the central element in hemoglobin?
Iron
What is the function of hemoglobin?
Carry Oxygen
What happens if you cannot carry enough oxygen?
Leads to not being able to produce enough ATP
From 244 amino acids
732 nucleotides
What are G1, S, and G2 called?
the stages of interphase
What are the 4 stages of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
...
...