Is Streptococcus gram-positive or gram-negative?
Gram-positive
Is Streptococcus facultative anaerobes or aerobes?
Anaerobes
Is Streptococcus catalase positive or negative?
Negative
What are the major classes of Streptococci?
- Streptococcus
- Enterococcus
- Peptoniphilus
Are Streptococcus usually motile?
No
Are Streptococcus usually hemolytic?
Yes
Where are most Streptococcus species commensal of?
- Upper respiratory tract
- Lower urogenital tract
True or false:
Streptococcus are capsulated
True
Classify the following strains as either alpha-hemolytic or beta-hemolytic:
A. S. pneumoniae
B. S. equi
C. S. pyogenes
D. S. suis
E. S. agalactiae
F. S. zooepidimicus
G. S. dysgalactiae
H. S. uberis
I. S. porcinus
J. S. canis
Alpha-hemolytic: B, C, E, F, I, J
Beta-hemolytic: A, D, G, H
Describe the 3 categories of hemolysis
- Alpha-hemolysis: partial destruction of RBCs, produces greenish color
- Beta-hemolysis: complete destruction of RBCs, clearing around growth
- Gamma-hemolysis: no destruction, no change in the media
What are methods to differentiate Streptococcus species?
- Lancefield grouping
- PCR
- Molecular typing
What are the most important specific infections from Streptococcus?
- Strangles in horses
- Pneumonia/meningitis in porcine
- Mastitis in bovine
What kind of Lancefield group and hemolytic group is Streptococcus agalactiae?
- Group B
- Beta-hemolytic
What kind of Lancefield group and hemolytic group is Streptococcus dysgalactiae?
- Group C
- Alpha-hemolytic
What kind of Lancefield group and hemolytic group is Streptococcus uberis?
- Unassigned group
- Alpha-hemolytic
What does S. agalactiae cause in cattle?
Bovine mastitis
What does S. dysgalactiae cause in cattle?
Bovine mastitis
What does S. uberis cause in cattle?
Bovine mastitis
What Streptococcus species cause bovine mastitis?
- S. agalactiae
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
Which of the following Streptocci species that cause bovine mastitis have beta-hemolysis:
- S. agalactiae
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
S. agalactiae
Which of the following Streptocci species that cause bovine mastitis have alpha-hemolysis:
- S. agalactiae
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
Which of the following Streptocci species that cause bovine mastitis are CAMP-positive?
- S. agalactiae
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
S. agalactiae
Which of the following Streptocci species that cause bovine mastitis are CAMP-negative?
- S. agalactiae
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
Which of the following Streptocci species that cause bovine mastitis have aesculin hydrolysis on Edwards medium?
- S. agalactiae
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
Which of the following Streptocci species that cause bovine mastitis grow on MacConkey agar?
- S. agalactiae
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecalis
What are the Lancefield groups of the following Streptocci species that cause bovine mastitis?
- S. agalactiae
- S. dysgalactiae
- S. uberis
- Enterococcus faecalis
- B
- C
- Not assigned
- D
What group of antibiotics is bovine mastitis very susceptible to?
Beta-lactams
What Streptococcus species causes strangles in horses?
S. equi subspecies equi
What are clinical signs of strangles?
- Nasal discharge
- Decreased appetite
- Fever
- Swelling of lymph nodes that may obstruct the airway
- Puss secretion from abscesses
What other Streptococcus species must S. equi equi be distinguished from to diagnose strangles?
- S. equisimilis
- S. zooepidemicus
What are the Streptococcus species that are Lancefield group C?
- S. equisimilis
- S. equi
- S. zooepidemicus
How is S. equi induced strangles differentiated from S. equisimilis and S. zooepidemicus? What should S. equi show that makes it stand out?
- Sugar fermentation
- Negative for fermentation for everything but maltose
What antibiotic can be used for strangles? When should this antibiotic not be given?
- Penicillin
- Don't give if external lymph nodes affected
Is there a vaccine for strangles?
Yes
What Streptococcus species affects pigs?
S. suis
True or false:
S. suis is zoonotic
True
What does S. suis cause in pigs? What is the main disease?
- Meningitis: main
- Arthritis
- Septicemia
- Bronchopneumonia
What can S. suis cause in humans?
- Meningitis
- Septicemia
- Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome
What kind of Lancefield group and hemolytic group is Streptococcus suis?
- Group D
- Alpha-hemolytic
Is there a vaccine for S. suis?
Yes
What drugs can be used against S. suis?
- Penicillin
- Ampicillin
What species does Streptococcus pyogenes affect?
Humans
What are the types of S. pyogenes? What does each cause?
- Suppurative: Skin/soft tissue disease
- Non-suppurative: rheumatic fever
- Superantigen medicated: scarlet fever
What species does S. pneumoniae affect? What does it cause?
- Humans
- Pneumonia
- Septic meningitis
What drug can be used against S. pneumoniae?
Penicillin
Is there a vaccine for S. pneumoniae?
Yes