Rx of acute COPD exacerbation
Amoxicillin
Alternative: Doxycycline
COPD pathogens
S. pneumoniae
H.Flu
Moraxella Catarrhalis
Rx of Pertussis
Azithromycin
Alternative: Erythromycin
Rx adult Pneumonia
Amoxicillin
(add if no improvement): Doxycycline or
Roxithromycin
Pathogens common in adult Pneumonia
S. Pneumonia
H.Flu
Mycoplama pneumoniae
Chlamydophilia pneumonia
Legionella pneumophilla
Staph Au
Rx Pneumonia - child
Amoxicillin
Alternative: Erythromycin
Otitis Externa Rx - acute
Flumethasone + Clioquinol
Or: Dexamethasone + framycetine + gramicidin
Rx Otitis Media
Amoxicillin
Rx acute Sinusitis
*most are not bacterial and even if it is then ab's only offer a marginal benefit and symptoms will resolve in most patients within 14 days without them
Amoxicillin
Alternative: Doxycycline
Augmentin
Cefaclor
Px Sinusitis
Amoxicillan
Alternative: Doxycycline
Most common pathogen in Pharyngitis?
Strep Pyogenes
Who are the only people you can give AB to for pharyngitis (sore throat)?
-Personal/family/household hisotry of RF
or:
2 or more of:
- Maori or Pacific ethnicity
- aged 3-35 years
- Crowded living conditions/low socioeconimic areas
Rx of Pharyngitis
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Or: Amoxicillin
Or: IM benzathine penicillin (stat)
Alternative: Erythromycin
Rx of conjunctivitis
Chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops
Common pathogens with conjuncitivitis
Viruses
Strep Pneumonia
H.Flu
Staph Au
Chlamydia trachomatis
Gonorrhoeae
Two most common pathogens in bacterial meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
Strep pneumonia
Rx Bacterial Meningitis
Benzylpenicillin IV/IM
Ceftriaxone IV/IM
Rx of bites - human and animal
Augmentin (Amoxicillan clavulanate)
Alternative: Metrondiazole + Doxycycline
Rx Boils
* usually treated with incision and drainage alone
Flucloxicillan if fever/spreading cellulitis/diabetes etc
Alternatively: Cephalexin
Erythromycin
Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim)
What two Ab's make up Co-trimoxazole?
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
*known as Bactrim
Rx or Cellulitis
Flucloxacillin
Alternatively: Cephalexin
Erythromycin
Co-trimoxazole (bactrim)
Rx Diabetic foot infections
Amoxicillan Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Alternatively: Cephalexin + Metronidazole
Bactrim
What is the brand name for Metronidazole?
Flagyl
Rx of Impetigo
Hydrogen peroxide 1% cream
If multiple patches or on face then can Px AB:
Flucloxacillin
Alternativly:
Erythromycin
Rx - Mastitis
*Continue breastfeeding
Flucloxacillin
Alternatives: Cephalexin or Erythryomycin
Non-lactating females or males - Augmentin
Rx of Campylobacter enterocolitis
AB only indicated for severe symptoms or >7 day infection
Erythromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Rx Clostridium difficile
Metronidazole - 1st line
Vancomycin - if pt does not respond to two courses of Metronidazole (flagyl)
* avoid antidiarrhoeals
*common cause is broad spectrum AB so if using then stop these- could fix problem
Rx Giardiasis
Ornidazole
Or: Metronidazole
*notifiable disease
* avoid lactose-containing foods
Rx Salmonella
* usually Ab's unnecessary however;
Ciprofloxacin
Alt: Bactrim (Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole)
Rx Bacterial vaginosis
Metronidazole
Common pathogens in bacterial Vaginosis
Gardnerella
Bacteroids
Peptostreptococci
Mobilunculus
Rx Chlamydia
Azithromycin 1g stat, PO
If allergic : Doxycycline (but need follow up check as doesn't always clear it)
Amoxicillin - for pregnant women
Rx Epididimo-orchitis
STI suspected: Ceftriazone AND Doxycyline
UTI Suspected: Ciprofloxacin
Rx Gonorrhoea
Ceftriaxone IM 500mg stat AND Azithromycin 1g OD stat
Alternatively: Ciprofloxacin AND Azithromycin if bug is Ciproxloxacin sensitive
Rx of PID
Ceftriaxone 500mg IM stat AND Doxycycline course AND Metrondiazole course
or
IM Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin if compliance is likely to be poor
Rx acute Prylonephritis
Bactrim (Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole)
Alternatively: Augmentin
Ciprofloxacin
3 Common pathogens for Pyelonephritis
E.Coli
Proteus sop.
Klebsiella
Enterococcus spp.
Rx Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole
Rx acute non-specific Urethritis
*Dx of exclusion
Doxycycline
Rx adult UTI
Nitrofurantoin
Or: Trimethoprim
Alt: Norfloxacin
Rx UTI in a child
Bactrim (Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole)
Alt: Cefclor
Augmentin
Erythromycin uses
Skin and Upper respiratory tract
Strep
Staph
H.FLu
Which medications counteract with Augmentin
Tetracyclines - Doxycycline
Warfarin
Erythromycin
Methotrexate
OCP
Augmentin uses
Upper Respiratory infections
UTI's
Skin injections
Ear infections - Otitis Media
Sinusitis
Doxycycline uses
PID
Acne
Sinusitis
Porstatitis
GIT infections
Respiratory infections and UTI's - Klebsiella, H.Fle, Step penumonia
Skin infections - Staph au
Flucloxacillin uses
Chest infections - pneumonia
ENT - tonsilitis, sinusitis
Skin/Soft Tissue - boils, burns, wounds
Meningitis
Cephalexin uses
Otitis media
Pharyngitis
Bone/Joint infections
Cellulitis
Pneumonia
UTIs
Trimethoprim uses
UTI's mainly
Ciprofloxacin uses
Joint infections
Respiratory tract infections
UTI's - only if resistant to the other first line
Cellulitis
Otitis externa
Metronidazole
Bacterial Vaginosis
PID
aspiration Pneumonia
intra-abdominal infections
Giardiasis
Trichomoniasis
H.pylori
Ceftriaxone uses
lower respiratory tract infections
Otitis media - bacterial
skin infections
UTI's
Gonorhea
PID
Intra-abdominal infections
Meningitis