false
The earliest plants to evolve were flowering plants. True or False?
true
Plants have reproductive organs that produce gametes. True or False?
false
Plants require oxygen for photosynthesis. True or False?
false
Each plant organ generally contains just one of the major types of plant tissues. True or False?
false
A fibrous root system has a very long primary root and few secondary roots. True or False?
true
After plant cells become specialized, they can no longer divide. True or False?
false
Most modern plants spend the majority of their life in the haploid generation. True or False?
d
While plants are actively growing, they need
a. sunlight
b. temperatures above freezing
c. carbon dioxide
d. all of the above
c
Cuticle in plants is secreted by cells of
a. ground tissue
b. meristem
c. dermal tissue
d. vascular tissue
c
All of the following are functions of plant roots except
a. storing food
b. absorbing water
c. releasing oxygen
d. anchoring plants to the ground
d
Primary growth in plants
a. occurs at the tips of roots
b. allows plants to grow taller
c. occurs only in very young plants
d. two of the above
d
The life cycle of all plants includes
a. alternation of generations
b. sexual and asexual reproduction
c. haploid and diploid generations
d. all of the above
a
Sporophytes
a. are plants in the diploid generation
b. form from haploid spores
c. produce haploid gametes
d. none of the above
d
A sporangium
a. produces diploid spores by mitosis
b. produces haploid gametes by meiosis
c. is found only in gametophytes
d. none of the above
vascular tissue
type of plant tissue that transports fluids
cuticle
waxy substance secreted by plant cells that helps prevent water loss
meristem
type of plant tissue consisting of undiferentiated cells that can continue to divide
ground tissue
type of plant tissue that carries out biochemical reactions
stoma
tiny pore in a plant leaf through which gas exchange takes place
dermal tissue
type of plant tissue that covers the outside of a plant
chloroplast
plant organelle where photosynthesis takes place
cellulose
Plant cells have cell walls that are made of _________________.
Transpiration
_________________ is the process in which plants release water vapor to the air from their leaves.
xylem
The vascular tissue called _________________ carries water and dissolved minerals from a plant's roots to its leaves.
pholem
The vascular tissue called _________________ carries water and dissolved sugar from a plant's leaves to other parts of the plant.
primary
Plant roots that grow downward are called _________________ roots.
secondary
Plant roots that grow out to the sides are called _________________ roots.
Leaves
________________ are plant organs that have the primary role of collecting sunlight and making food.
true
Plants were the first organisms to colonize Earth's land surfaces. True or False?
false
The earliest land plants were similar to modern ferns. True or False?
false
An ofspring plant is more likely to survive if it grows very close to the parent plant. True or False?
false
The part of a seed plant that develops into a seed is the pollen. True or False?
false
The scales of cones are modified flower petals. True or False?
true
The stamen of a lower has a stalk-like ilament that ends in an anther. True or False?
false
All modern seed plants produce flowers and fruits. True or False?
a
The earliest plants
a. evolved from green algae
b. were dominant aquatic organisms
c. had vascular tissues
d. evolved on land
c
Having a dominant sporophyte generation was an important adaptation for land plants because a sporophyte
a. is haploid
b. needs less water
c. has a back-up copy of each gene
d. all of the above
a
Which statement about vascular plants is false?
a. Vascular plants evolved after seed plants had appeared
b. Vascular plants are the dominant land plants on Earth
c. Vascular plants have specialized tissues to transfer water
d. Vascular plants can grow ta
d
Parts of a seed include
a. an embryo
b. endosperm
c. a hull
d. all of the above
d
Which structure finally freed plants from depending on moisture to reproduce?
a. root system
b. pollen tube
c. vascular tissue
d. seed cone
b
What is a function of flower petals?
a. making seeds
b. attracting pollinators
c. forming fruits
d. producing spores
a
Tracheophytes include
a. ferns
b. liverworts
c. hornworts
d. two of the above
angiosperm
plant that produces seeds in the ovaries of flowers
cone
reproductive structure made of overlapping scales where naked plant seeds develop
stamen
male reproductive organ in a flower
gymnosperm
plant that produces naked seeds in cones
seed
reproductive structure that contains a plant embryo and a food supply
bryophyte
modern nonvascular plant
pistil
female reproductive organ in a flower
germination
The early growth and development of a plant embryo inside a seed is called _________________.
Pollen
_________________ of a seed plant is a reproductive structure that contains a tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule.
ovule
A(n) _________________ of a seed plant is a reproductive structure that contains a tiny female gametophyte.
ovary
The pistil of a flower consists of a stigma, style, and _________________.
fruit
The ovary of a flowering plant develops into a(n) ____________.
pollinator
A(n) _________________ is an animal that picks up pollen from a flower and carries it to another flower.
spermatophytes
Modern seed plants are called _________________.
false
Plants are unable to resist predators because they cannot run away or hide. True or False?
true
Plants detect and respond to the daily cycle of light and darkness. True or False?
true
Plants have an immune system that protects them from disease. True or False?
false
The narrow, strap-like leaves of cattails help them float on water. True or False?
false
Carnivorous plants do not undergo photosynthesis to make food. True or False?
true
A saguaro cactus uses its thick stem to store water. True or False?
false
An orchid gets nutrients from its host tree. True or False?
c
Gravitropism occurs because of specialized cells in a plant's
a. stems
b. leaves
c. roots
d. flowers
c
Plant stems and leaves always grow toward
a. the sky
b. the equator
c. a light source
d. a water supply
d
Plants such as Venus fly traps consume insects to get extra
a. energy
b. carbon
c. water
d. nutrients
d
Anything in the environment that causes a response in a plant is called a
a. tropism
b. pathogen
c. toxin
d. stimulus
b
Which statement about aquatic plants is true?
a. They have ancestors that lived on land
b. They do not need any special adaptations
c. They must have extensive root systems
d. none of the above
d
Adaptations in xerophytes include
a. widespread roots
b. barrel-shaped stems
c. thorns
d. all of the above
b
Epiphytes in a rainforest use rainforest trees for
a. food
b. support
c. oxygen
d. pollination
xerophyte
plant that is adapted to very dry conditions
dormancy
suspension of growth and development in a plant during periods of extreme coldness and dryness
gravitropism
response of a plant to gravity
adaptation
any trait that has evolved to help an organism survive and reproduce under certain conditions
tropism
any turning toward or away from a stimulus in the environment
epiphyte
plant that grows on other plants rather than in soil
phototropism
response of a plant to light
gravity
Primary plant roots always grow downward because of Earth's _________________.
water
Some plants close their leaves at night to prevent loss of _________________.
aquatic
A(n) _________________ plant is any plant that lives in water.
air
Plants called epiphytes obtain moisture from the _________________.
Carnivorous
_________________ plants get some or most of their nutrients from other organisms.
growing
A plant's primary way of responding to stimuli is to change how it is _________________.
chemicals
A plant may produce _________________ to warn other plants of threats to their health.
aerobic
What are organisms that use oxygen called?
celery
What is an example of ground tissue in stems storing food or water during cold or dry seasons?
stoneworts
Who were the first plants similar to?
vascular plants
Who are the dominant land plants today?