anatomy vs physiology
anatomy-structure, imaging techniques
physiology-body function
cytology
analyzes internal structures of cells
histology
analyzes tissues (group of cells working together)
list anatomy in order from smallest to largest:
microscopic anatomy, gross anatomy
surface, regional, and systemic anatomy are a form of _____ anatomy
gross
surface anatomy
study of general form or morphology and superficial anatomy
regional anatomy
studies features in particular regions
systemic anatomy
studies major organ systems
how many organ systems are there in the human body
11
what are the levels of organization from smallest to largest:
molecular
cellular
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
what is the lowest level of organic human life?
cellular
what levels of organization are organic?
organism, organ, organ system, tissue, cellular
what level of organization is inorganic?
molecular
what are the 4 basic tissue types?
epithelium, muscle, connective, and nerve
the heart is lined with what tissue?
epithelium
homeostasis
the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment suitable for the survival of body cells and tissues
dorsum can describe the back of the hand ONLY in what position?
anatomical position
what is the standardized position to describe directional terms?
legs together
feet flat on the floor
facing the observer, head level
hands at the sides
palms face forward
prone position
lying face down
supine position
lying face up (if you're on your spine, you're supine)
superior vs inferior
superior-above; at a higher level (in the human body toward the head)
inferior-below; at a lower level; toward the feet
dorsal/posterior vs ventral/anterior
dorsal-the back
ventral-the belly side
medial vs lateral
medial- nearer to the midline of the body
lateral-away from the midline
proximal vs distal
proximal-toward an attached base
distal-way from an attached base
sagittal plane
divides the body or an organ into left and right sections
midsagittal plane
a section that passes along the midline
parasagittal plane
section parallel to the midsagittal and produces unequal halves
frontal/coronal plane
divides the body into front and back
transverse/cross section plane
divides the body or an organ into upper or lower
what are the 2 subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity?
cranial and vertebral/spinal cord
what lines the dorsal body cavity?
meninges
what are the 2 subdivisions of the ventral body cavity?
thoracic above the diaphragm and abdominopelvic below the diaphragm
viscera
internal organs
what are organs covered with?
serous membrane
what is the thoracic cavity encircled by? (4)
the ribs
sternum
vertebral column
muscle
what are the three smaller cavities within the thoracic cavity?
1 pericardial cavity
2 pleural cavities
mediastinum
the central part of thoracic cavity CONTAINS EVERYTHING BUT THE LUNGS
what is visceral pleura vs parietal pleura?
visceral- clings to surface of lungs
parietal- lines the chest wall
what is visceral pericardium vs parietal pericardium?
visceral-covers the heart
parietal-lines the pericardial sac
what is the abdominopelvic cavity?
inferior portion of ventral body cavity below diaphragm
what are serous membranes?
thin, slippery membrane that lines body cavities not open to the outside (reduces friction
what are the four quadrants of the abdominopelvic area?
what are the regions of the abdominopelvic area?