Ventral rami of some spinal nerves join each other to form a
A) ganglion
B) dermatome
C) cord
D) plexus
E) nerve
D) plexus
The adaptive significance of the crossed extensor reflex when a person steps on a tack is to
A) remove the foot from the tack
B) increase the rate at which withdrawal of the limb occurs
C) slow the rate of removal of the foot from the tack
D) reduce the p
E) prevent the person from falling down
Initiating the withdrawal reflex in both legs at the same time would cause one to
A) maintain posture longer
B) fall
C) decrease muscle tension
D) develop resistance in one limb and reduces resistance in another
E) hop
B) fall
The cross- sectional view of the spinal cord reveals white matter on the
A) inside, gray matter on the outside, a dorsal motor root
B) outside, gray matter on the inside, a ventral motor root
C) inside, gray matter on the outside, a dorsal sensory root
D)
B) outside, gray matter on the inside, a ventral motor root
The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following?
A) the diaphragm
B) intercostal muscles
C) muscles of the arm and forearm
D) muscles of the lower limb
E) abdominal muscles
C) muscles of the arm and forearm
All spinal nerves from C2 to L5 to exit the vertebral column through a(n)
A) vertebral foramen
B) spinal foramen
C) dorsal root ganglia
D) intervertebral foramen
E) foramen magnum
D) intervertebral foramen
Reflexes
A) are homeostatic
B) are not homeostatic
C) are voluntary conscious responses to a stimulus
D) are integrated in the spinal cord, but not the brain
E) are integrated in the brain, but the spinal cord
A) are homeostatic
Place the following parts of a reflex are in the correct order beginning with the sensory receptor.
1) motor neuron
2) interneuron
3) effector
4) sensory neuron
5) sensory receptor
A) 5,1,2,3,4
B) 5,3,2,4,1
C) 5,4,3,2,1
D) 5,2,3,4,1
E) 5,4,2,1,3
E) 5.4.2,1,3
A reflex that protects limbs by removing them from painful stimuli is the
A) stretch reflex
B) crossed extensor reflex
C) Golgi tendon reflex
D) alternating reflex
E) withdrawal reflex
E) withdrawal reflex
Which of the following is NOT true of spinal cord trauma?
A) effects may be minimized by steroids, e.g., methylprednisolone
B) adverse effects may be minimized by cooling the body (in general) and the spinal cord locally
C) death usually results from para
C) death usually results from paralysis of heart muscle
The knee-jerk reflex involves which of the following?
A) sensory and motor neurons
B) sensory, association, and motor neurons
C) sensory, motor, and inhibitory interneurons
D) sensory and association neurons
E) the brain
A) sensory and motor neurons
The spinal cord
A) controls the reticular activation system
B) stores reflexive memory
C) forms memory engrams
D) links the peripheral nervous system to the brain
E) is characterized by conscious activity
D links the peripheral nervous system to the brain
Reciprocal innervation
A) is associated with the Golgi tendon reflex
B) stimulates antagonistic muscles
C) results in reduced resistance to the reflex
D) reinforces the withdrawal reflex
E) inhibits the stretch reflex
D reinforces the withdrawal reflex
The branch of a spinal nerve that innervates deep muscles on the dorsal thorax is the
A) ramus communicans
B) lateral ramus
C) dorsal ramus
D) ventral ramus
E) medial ramus
C) dorsal ramus
Stretch reflexes
A) are learned voluntary responses
B) aid in maintaining proper posture
C) prevent muscles from being damaged by excessive tension
D) cause the removal of limbs from painful stimuli
E) prevent falling
B) aid in maintaining proper posture
Which of the following is NOT true of spina bifida?
A) results from failure of closing of the vertebral arch
B) the spinal cord may be exposed
C) it is a congenital effect
D) Can be prevented by giving the baby high doses of folic acid during the first fe
D) Can be prevented by giving the baby high doses of folic acid during the first few months after birth
Which of the following is NOT true of poliomyelitis?
A) Has been completely eradicated world-wide
B) spread by fecal contamination
C) causes skeletal muscle atrophy
D) may result in paralysis of respiratory muscles
A) has been completely eradicated world-wide
Label component "C" on the reflex arc
A) sensory receptor
B) effector organ
C) sensory neuron
D) motor neuron
E) interneuron
E) interneuron
Label component "A" on the reflex arc
A) sensory receptor
B) effector organ
C) sensory neuron
D) motor neuron
E) interneuron
D) motor neuron
Label component "D" on the reflex arc
A) sensory receptor
B) effector organ
C) sensory neuron
D) motor neuron
E) interneuron
A) sensory receptor