connective
blood is considered what type of tissue
55%
plasma represents -- % of a normal blood sample
red blood cells
element of blood that are essential to gas exchange
macrophages
damaged red blood cells are destroyed by reticuleodthelial cells called
biliverdin
heme portion of damaged red blood cells is decomposed into iron and
spleen
after birth, red blood cells are produced in the
120 days
average life span of a red blood cell
erythropoietin
red blood cell production is stimulated by the hormone------ ( released from kidney in response to low oxygen concentration
vitamin b12 and folic acid
necessary to cell growth and reproduction
neutrophil
most numerous type of white blood cells is the
lymphocyte
white blood cell that forms antibodies necessary for immunity to specific diseases
5,000 to 10,000
normal white blood cell count is
phagocytosis
white blood cells combat infection by
heparin and histamins
substances found in the cytoplasmic granules of basophils include
low density lipoproteins
the lipoproteins that have a relatively high concentration of cholesterol are
sodium and chlorides
most abundant plasma electrolytes are
exposed to a rough surface
a platelet plug begins to form when platelets are
soluble plasma protein
fibrogen
insoluble protein
fibrin
calcium ions and phospholipids
substances believed necessary to
liver
prothrombin is a plasma protein that is produced by the
positive
blood clot begins to form, it promotes still more clotting is ------ feedback
eihbolus
fragment of a blood clot that is traveling in the bloodstream
erythrocytes
clumping together of red blood cells when unlike types of blood are mixed is due to antibodies in the plasma
agglutinogen a and b
a person with type a blood has
signifies life, helps maintain the stability of the interstitial fluid and distributes heat
function of blood
cells and platelets
solid elements of blood
5.3 quarts
blood volume of an average sized male
clear straw colored liquid; 55%
what part of blood tissue is plasma
biconcave discs
shape of red blood cell
transports gases, increase the surface area through which gases difuse
shape enhance the function of red blood cells
bright; darker
red blood cells are ------- red when carrying oxygen and are ------ red when oxygen is released
no nucleus, provides more space for hemoglobin
why does the red blood cell lack a nucleus
man: 4,600,000-6,200,000
woman: 4,200,000- 5,400,000
normal red blood cell count for a man and woman
fragile with age, when passing through capillaries
how are red blood cells damaged
macrophages; liver and spleen
damaged red blood cells are destroyed by cells called ---------, located in the ----- and ------.
occurs in yolk sac, liver, and spleen; red bone marrow
where are red blood cells produced
negative feedback utilizing the hormone , vitamin b12 and folic acid
production of red blood cells controlled
mutation in dna causes different amino acid in globin, then it is crystalized, can block small vessels
how does sickle cell disease affect red blood cell production
control cell growth
what is the role of folic acid ad vitamin b12 in red blood cell production
hemoglobin synthesis
role of iron in red blood cell produciton
abnormal conditions (diseases)
causes of an increase or decrease in white blood cells
leukocyte percent changes with different diseases
differential white blood cell count
help close breaks in damaged blood vessels and form blood clots
structure and function of platelets
lipids, amino acid, simple sugars, nuceotides
nutrients found in plasma
carbon dioxide and oxygen
gases found in plasma
urea and uric acid and amino acid
nonprotein nitrogenous substances found in plasma
magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphate, sulfate ions, calcium
electrocytes are found in plasma
maintain osmotic pressure and regulates their blood concentrations to keep stable
function of electrolytes
clots are formed, coagulation
what is hemostasis
blood vessels break- platelets adhere collagen underlying the dendothelial lining of blood vessels
how is a platelet plug formed
thrombus
blood clot forming abnormally in vessels
embolus
dislodged clot
agglutinogens
red blood cell surface molecules, antigens
agglutinins
antibodies
antibody of one type will react with an antigen of the same type and clump
why is it unsafe to mix different blood types
protein on rbc
what is the rh factor