Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?
Epicardium
The thickest layer of tissue in the heart wall is the:
Myocardium
Which of the following is not true of the ventricles?
1. they are the pumping chambers of the heart
2. the myocardium of the ventricles is thicker than that of the atria.
3. The myocardium of the left ventricle is thicker than that of the right ventricle
All of the above are correct
The internal layer of tissue in the heart is the:
endocardium
The right atrioventricular valve is also called the:
tricuspid
Which of the following is not an atrioventricular valve?
aortic
mitral
bicuspid
triscupid
Aortic
The cavity of the heart that normally has the thickest wall is the:
left ventricle
The valve that guards the left atrioventricular orifice is called the :
bicuspid valve
mitral valve
tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve
Which of the following is a semilunar valve?
aortic
mitral
tricuspid
bicuspid
Aortic
If this valve is damaged, it could allow blood to leak back into the right atrium.
tricuspid valve
The correct layers of the heart from deep to superficial are:
endocardium, myocardium and epicardium
Respectively, the right and left atrioventricular valves are also known as:
tricuspid, mitral
Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into
atria
Diminished blood flow to organ tissue that can impair cell function is called:
ischemia
The ventricle of the heart that ejects blood toward the lungs is the:
Right ventricle
Chordae tendineae are associated with which structure(s)?
Mitral valve and tricuspid valve
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:
Lungs
If this valve were damaged, it could allow blood to leak back into the left ventricle.
aortic semilunar valve
If the AV node were forced to assume pacemaker activity, what would be the resulting pulse rate?
40-60 beats per minute
Which of the following most accurately describes what is measured by an electrocardiogram?
electrical conductivity
All of the following will increase heart rate except:
sympathetic stimulation
parasympathetic stimulation
decrease in carotid blood pressure
decrease in aortic blood pressure
parasympathetic stimulation
Cardiac output is determined by:
Stroke volume and heart rate
On an ECG, the T wave represents:
repolarization of the ventricles
Which part of the QRS complex represents the repolarization of the atria?
The whole QRS complex
When the heart beats, the __________ contracts first.
atria
The left atrium collects blood from the __________ and empties into the left ventricle.
pulmonary circuit
The right atrium receives blood from what three structures?
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
The moderator band is found in the ____.
Right ventricle
The left atrium receives blood from the ____.
pulmonary veins
Without external interactions, the cells of the SA node depolarize __________ times per minute.
80-100
The bundle branches:
a. transmit impulses to the left and right ventricles
b. conduct impulses to the Purkinje fibers
c. extend to the apex of the heart
all of the above
What is the normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart
SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers
my SA AV'd his bundle and puked
Functions of the respiratory system include:
1.protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.
2. defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
3. providing an extens
All
The function of the nasal conchae is to
create turbulence in the air so as to trap small particulates in mucus.
The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
pharynx
Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds, resulting in
phonation
The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree.
1.secondary bronchi
2.bronchioles
3.alveolar ducts
4.primary bronchi
5.respiratory bronchioles
6.alveoli
7.terminal bronchioles
The order in which air passes through these structur
4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
The respiratory membrane in the alveoli consists primarily of
simple squamous epithelium.
*
the respiratory of alverez is simply squamous!
*
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,
the volume of the thorax increases.
Pulmonary ventilation refers to the
movement of air into and out of the lungs.
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is
Carbon Dioxide
The term hypercapnia refers to
an increase in the PCO2.
_______ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.
Cystic fibrosis
__________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
a. Exposure to noxious stimuli
b. Exposure to unpleasant stimuli
c. Exposure to allergens
d. Exposure to debris or pathogens
All of the above generally cause a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production
During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the _____ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.
Right primary
Gas exchange occurs across the respiratory membrane of the alveoli. The respiratory membrane consists of:
a. the squamous epithelial cells lining the alveoli
b. the endothelial cells lining an adjacent capillary.
c. the fused basal laminae that lie betwee
All of the above
Sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle tissue layer in the bronchioles causes
bronchodilation.
Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because of
inflammatory fluids leaking into the alveoli, causing bronchiole swelling and constriction and blockage of CO2 & O2 diffusion.
Determination of blood gases includes testing for
pH.
PO2.
PCO2.
What is asthma?
an acute constriction of the bronchial passages resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.
Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane?
alveoli
posterior nares
trachea
primary bronchi
alveoli
The structure known as the "Adam's apple" located in the neck is the:
thyroid cartilage
The small leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the
epiglottis
Gas exchange, the lungs' main and vital function, takes place in the:
alveoli
The function of surfactant is to:
prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.