The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of ________.

epithelium and lamina propria

____tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.

Excitable

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including ________.

holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both ________ and ________

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by ________, whereas ________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

chondroblasts; fibroblasts

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?

Hyaline cartilage

An example of a highly vascular tissue is ________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is ________.

areolar; cartilage

________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the ________.

Nonkeratinized; vagina

Found in the urinary bladder, ________ epithelium resembles ________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

transitional; stratified squamous

All cells in ________ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

pseudostratified columnar

________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas ________ epithelium is rare.

Stratified squamous; stratified columnar

Most kidney tubules are made of ________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

simple cuboidal

The basement membrane is found between ________ and ________

epithelium; connective tissue

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through ________ epithelium.

simple squamous

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have ________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.

goblet

Which of the following is not part of the skin?

Hypodermis

Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis?

Collagen and fibroblasts

Looking at a slide of thin skin under the microscope, you note that the stratum basale is the ________ layer of the epidermis in from the surface.

fourth

The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the ________.

stratum basale

The ________ is absent from most epidermis.

stratum lucidum

Which skin color is most likely to result from anemia?

Pallor

Blood vessels in the ________ provide a hair with its sole source of nutrition.

dermal papilla

The contraction of the piloerector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in humans causes ________.

hairs to stand on end with no apparent function

The oil of your scalp is secreted by ________ glands associated with the hair follicles.

sebaceous

Secretions from ________ glands contribute to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth on the skin.

merocrine sweat

Looking at a slide of axillary skin under the microscope, you notice the presence of ________ glands that are absent on slides of the scalp.

apocrine

The ________ glands are a source of sex pheromones.

apocrine

Mammary glands are modified ________ glands that develop within the female breasts.

apocrine

Which two strata of the epidermis are most susceptible to cancer?

Stratum spinosum and stratum basale

The least common, but most deadly, type of skin cancer is ________.

melanoma

Which of the following cells stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens?

Dendritic cells

The thin layer of slightly denser spongy bone that separates an adult's epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the ________.

epiphyseal line

The cortex of the long bone's diaphysis is made of ___

compact bone

A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the ________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the ________.

periosteum; endosteum

Bone forming cells are called

osteoblasts

The spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called ________, and they contain ________.

lacunae; osteocytes

Spicules and trabeculae are found in ________.

spongy bone

Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

Osteoclasts

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is ________, which is replaced by bone.

hyaline cartilage

Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of ________ of the metaphysis.

cell proliferation

Bone elongation is a result of ________.

cartilage growth

The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as ________.

resorption

Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Lower blood calcium

Hypocalcemia can cause ________.

muscle spasms

Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means ________.

abnormal calcification of a tissue

Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, ________ is important to the deposition of bone.

calcitriol

Most of the bones of the skull are connected by immovable joints called ________.

sutures

All of the following are found on the temporal bone except the ________.

sella turcica

Which of the following bones is a single unpaired bone?

Ethmoid

Which bone is a part of the skull and not just associated with it?

Vomer

Which of the following bones forms the bulk of the hard palate?

Maxilla

Which of the following is the most common spinal curvature deformity?

Scoliosis

The ________ belongs to the thoracic cage, whereas the ________ belongs to the pectoral girdle.

sternum; clavicle

The ________ can be easily palpated between the clavicles.

suprasternal notch

In a herniated disc, the ring of fibrocartilage called the ________ ruptures and the ________ oozes out.

anulus fibrosus; nucleus pulposus

Which of the following do costal cartilages connect?

The ribs with the sternum

The glenoid cavity of the ________ articulates with the head of the ________.

scapula; humerus

Which of the following is found in the palm of your hand?

Metacarpal

Which of the following is not considered a weight-bearing bone?

The fibula

Fontanelle are ________ in an infant.

spaces between the unfused cranial bones

The ________ suture separates the temporal bone from the parietal bone.

squamous