Epithelial Tissue Functions
Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion
Epithelium Characteristics
Cells fit together and form sheets, the apical surface is the free surface of the tissue, the lower surface of the epithelium rests on a basement membrane, avascular
Avascular definition
No blood supply
Epithelial tissue locations
Body coverings, body linings, glandular tissue
Connective tissue functions
Binds body tissues together, supports the body, provides protection
Connective tissue characteristics
Variations in blood supply, extracellular matrix
Connective tissue locations
Found everywhere in the body
Muscle tissue types
Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
Muscle tissue fictions
To produce movement
Skeletal muscle characteristics
Striated, multinucleate, long cylindrical cells
Cardiac muscle characteristics
Striated, one nucleus per cell, cells are attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks
Smooth muscle
No visible striations, one nucleus per cell, spindle-shaped cells
Nervous tissue functions
To send impulses to other areas of the body, insulate, protect and support neurons
Connective Tissue Types
Bone, Hyaline cartilage, Elastic Cartilage, Fibrocartilage, Dense connective tissue, areolar tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue, blood
connective bone tissue characteristics
bone cells in lacunae, hard matrix of calcium salts, large number of collagen fibers
hyaline cartilage characteristics
abundant collagen fibers, rubbery matrix
dense connective tissue characteristics
main matrix element is collagen fiber, fibroblasts are cells that make fibers
areolar tissue characteristics
soft pliable tissue like cobwebs, contains all fiber types
adipose tissue characteristics
matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate, many cells contain large lipid deposits
reticular connective tissue characteristics
delicate network of interwoven fibers
connective blood tissues characteristics
blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma, fibers are visible during clotting
Simple definition for cells
one cell layer
stratified definition for cells
more than one layer
Epithelial Tissue Types
Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, stratified cuboidal and columnar, transitional, glandular
simple squamous characteristics
single layer of flat cells
simple squamous functions
diffusion, filtration or secretion in membranes
simple cuboidal characteristics
single layer of cube-like cells
simple cuboidal functions
secretion and absorption, ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells
simple cuboidal location
common in glands and their ducts, forms walls of kidney tubules, covers the ovaries
simple squamous location
lines body cavities, lines lungs and capillaries
simple columnar characteristics
single layer of tall cells
simple columnar locations
lines digestive tract
simple columnar functions
secretion and absorption, ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells
Pseudostratified columnar characteristics
single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
pseudostratified columnar location
respiratory tract, where it is ciliated
pseudostratified columnar functions
absorption or secretion
stratified squamous characteristics
cells at the apical surface are flattened
stratified squamous location
lining of the skin, mouth and esophagus
stratified squamous functions
protective covering where friction is common
stratified cuboidal characteristics
two layers of cuboidal cells
stratified cuboidal and columnar functions
protection
stratified columnar characteristics
surface cells are columnar, cells vary in size and shape
stratified cuboidal and columnar locations
rare in human body, found mainly in ducts of large glands
transitional epithelium characteristics
composed of modified stratified squamous epithelium
transitional epithelium functions
stretching and the ability to return to normal shape
transitional epithelium location
lines organs of the urinary system
plasma membrane characteristics
barrier for cell contents, double phospholipid layer, also contains proteins, cholesterol and glycoproteins
Prophase
first part of cell division, centrioles migrate to the poles to direct assembly of mitotic spindle fibers
Metaphase
Chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell on the metaphase plate
Anaphase
Chromosomes are pulled apart and toward the opposite ends of the cell, cell begins to elongate
Telophase
Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin, nuclear envelope reforms around chromatin, spindles break down and disappear
Aquaporins
channel proteins that go through cell membrane, water goes through