integument
cutaneous membrane; skin
cutaneous membrane
integument; skin
hypodermis
A subcutaneous tissue found between the skin and any underlying structures, such as muscle.
flexions creases
place where skin attaches directly to the joints of the fingers.
epidermis
the outer and thinner region of the skin.
stratified squamous epithelium
part of the epidermis that is divided into several layers.
stratum basale
deepest layer of the epidermis where cell division occurs.
langerhans cells
macrophges found deep inthe epidermis
melanocytes
another type of specialized cell located in the deeper epidermis
melanin
the pigment primarily responsible for skin color.
albinism
the lack of ability to produce melanin
stratum corneum
uppermost layer of the epidermis
keratin
the cellular production of a fibroud, waterproof protein
dermis
a deeper and thicker region than the epidermis; composed of dense irregular connective tissue
dermal papillae
the upper layer of the dermis has fingerlike projections called ______ ________ that project into and anchor the epidermis.
collagenous fibers
flexible but offer great resistance to overstretching; they prevent skin from being torn.
elastic fibers
stretch to allow movement of underlying muscles and joints, but mainting normal skin tension.
decubitus ulcers
(bedsores) Develop when blood flow to a particular area is restricted in bedreidden patients.
hypodermis
(subcutaneous tissue) lies below the dermis
subcutaneous tissue
(hypodermis) lies below the dermis
subcutaneous injection
performed with a hypodermic needle.
hypodermic needel
perform subcutaneous injections.
fat
an energy storage form that can be called upon when necessary to supply the body with molecules for cellular respiration.
hair
found in all body parts except the palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portions of hte external reproductive organs.
hirsutism
When women produce more male sex hormone than usual; a condition characterized by excessive body and facial hair.
hair follicles
Hairs project from complex structures call ____ _________.
root
the protion of hair within the follicle.
shaft
the portion that extends beyond the skin
alopecia
hair loss
alopecia areata
characterized by teh sudden onset of partchy hair loss
androgenic alopecia
inherited condition; male pattern baldness.
arrector pili
smooth muscle that attaches to the follicle in such a way that contraction of the muscle causes the hair to stand one end.
nails
grow from special epithelial cells at the base of the nail and the region called the nail root
nail root
region at the base of the nail
nail body
the visible portion of the nail
lunula
the half moon shaped base of the nail
glands
groups of cells specialized to produce and secrete a substance into ducts.
sweat glands
(sudoriferous glands) present in all regions of the skin.
apocrine glands
open into hair follicles in the anal region, groin, and armpits; begin to secrete during puberty.
eccrine glands
open onto the surface of the skin; become active when a person is hot, ehlping to lower body temperature as sweat evaporates.
sebacous glands
associated with a hair follicle
sebum
glands secrete an oily substance called _____ that flows into the follice and then out onto the skin sufrace
acne vulgaris
the most common form of acne; an inflammation fothe sebacous glands that most often occurs during adolescence; caused by hormonal changes during puberty.
mammary glands
located winith the breasts; produce milk.