Venipuncture is a common sampling technique because
superficial veins are easy to locate, the walls of the vien are thinner than arteries, the blood pressure in veins is relatively low.
In adults, the circulatory blood:
provides nutrients, oxygen, and chemical instructions for cells, is a mechanism for waste removal for cells, transports special cells to defend tissues from infections and disease
An arterial puncture generally drawn from the radial artery at the wrist or the brachial artery at the elbow would primarily be used for:
preparing a blood smear
The blood transports specialized cells that defend peripheral tissues from:
infection and disease
The formed elements of the blood consist of:
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
The primary function of blood is:
transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes, and homones; regulation of pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids; defense against doxins and pathogens
Blood transports dissolved gases, bringing oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carrying:
carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs
The "patrol agents" in the blood that defends the body against toxins and pathogens are:
white blood cells & antibodies
The best laboratory procedure for obtaining blood to determine the hemoglobin level is:
puncturing the tip of the finger
Blood temperature is roughly _____ and the blood pH averages ______.
38 C; 7.4
Which of the following statements is correct?
Plasma contributes approximately 55 percent of the volume of whole blood and h20 accounts for 92 percent of the plasma volume
The three primary classes for plasma proteins are:
albumins, globulins, and fibrogen
In addition to water and proteins, plasma consists of:
electrolytes, nutrients, and organic waste
Loose connective tissue and cartilage contain a network of insoluble fibers, whereas plasma, a fluid connective tissue, contains:
dissolved proteins
Circulating mature RBC's lack
mitochondria, ribosomes, nuclei
The important effect(s) on RBC due to their unusual shape is (are)
it enables RBC's to form stacks, it gives each RBS a lare surface area-to-volume ratio, it eneables RBS's to bend and flex when entering small capillaries.
The primary function of a mature RBC is:
transport of respiratory gases
The part of the hemoglobin molecule that directly interacts with oxygen is:
the iron ion
Iron is necessary in the diet because it is involved with:
hemoglobin production
The iron extracted from heme molecules during hemoglobin recycling is stored in the protein-iron complexes:
ferritin and hemosiderin
During RBC recycling each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to:
biliverdin
The primary site of erythropoiesis in the adult is the:
bone marrow
Erythroprotein appears in the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to:
low oxygen concentrations
Agglutinogens are contained (on, in) the _____, while the agglutinins are found (on, in) the ______.
cell membrane of RBs; plasma
If you have type A blood, your plasma holds circulating _____ that will attack _____ erythrocytes.
anti-B agglutinins; Type B
A person with type O blood contains:
anti-A and anti-B agglutinins
The two types of agranular leukocytes found in the blood are:
monocytes, lymphocytes
Based on their staining characteristics, the types of granular leukocytes found in the blood are:
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
The number of eosinophiles increases dramatically during:
an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
Megakaryocytes are specialized cells of the bone marrow responsible for:
formulation of platelets
The rate of megakaryocyte activity and platelet formation is regulated by:
thromopoietin, interleukin-6, multi-CSF
Basophiles are specialized in that they:
contain histamine that exaggerates the inflammation reponse at the injury site.
The process of homeostasis includes 5 phases. The correct order of the phases as they occur after injury is as follows:
vascular, platelet, coagulation, clot retraction, clot destruction
The extrinsic pathway involved in blood clotting involves the release of:
tissue factors and tissue thromoplastin
The "common pathway" in blood clotting involves the following events in sequential order as follows:
prothrombin ---> thrombin ---> fibrinogen ---> fibrin
The factor which stimulates the production of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils is:
G-CSF
If blood comprimises 7 percent of the body weight in kilograms, how many liters of blood would there be in an individual who weighs 85 kg?
5.95
The reason liver disorders can alter the composition and functional properties of the blood is because:
the liver is the primary source of plasma proteins
A condition which generally results from accelerated platelet formation in response to an infection, inflammation, or cancer is:
thrombocytosis
The fate of iron after hemoglobin breakdown occurs as follows:
iron --> bloodstream -->transferrin --> new hemoglobin;; heme--> biliverdin -->bilirubin--> (liver)-->bile-->excreted;; iron --> bloodstream -->transferrin-->(stored) ferritin and hemosiderin
A condition in which a drifting blood clot becomes stuck in a blood vessel, blocking circulation, is called:
an embolism
Typically, one micorliter of blood contains _____ erythrocytes
5.2 million
In a mature RBC, energy is obtained exclusively by anaerobic respiration (i.e. the breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm)
True
Protein synthesis in a circulating RBC occurs primarily in:
none of these
If agglutinogen "B" meets with agglutinin "anti-A" the result would be:
no agglutination would occur
The precursor of all blood cells that develop into mature:
hemocytoblast
Retilocytes are nucleated immature cells that develop into mature:
erythrocytes
The blood cells that may originate in the thymus, spleen, and lympth nodes as well as in the bone marrow are the:
lymphocytes
Rh-negative blood indicates:
the absence of Rh agglutinogen
In hemolytic disease of the newborn:
the mothers agglutinins cross the placental barrier and destroy fetal red blood cells
Circulating leukocytes represent a small fraction of the total population, since most WBS's are found in peripheral tissues
True
A typical microliter of blood contains ___ leukocytes
6,000-9,000
Under "normal" conditions, neutrophils comprise _____ of the circulatory WBC's.
50-70%
Leukemia is a condition charcterized by:
extremely elevated levels of circulating WBC's
Platelets are unique formed elements of the blood because they:
are cytoplasmic fragments rather than idividual cells
Clot destruction involves a process that begins with:
activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which leads to the production of plasmin
A vitamin K deficiency in the body will eventually cause:
a breakdown of the common pathway, deactivating the clotting system
A vitamin B12 deficiency results in the type of anemia known as:
pernicious
An anemia resulting from the production of an abnormal form of hemoglobin results in a condition known as:
sickle cell anemia
The acticity of the common pathway stimulates both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by the:
positive feedback loop which accelerated the clotting process