The urinary system does all of the following except
excreting excess albumin molecules.
The urinary function of elimination occurs through the
urethra
Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by
the ureters
Urine is temporarily stored in the
urinary bladder
Which of the following activities is not related to kidney function?
lipid digestion
Urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the
urethra
What structure connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule? (Figure 26-6)
nephron loop
A glomerulus is
a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.
The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the
hilum
The outermost layer of the kidney is the
fibrous capsule
The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the
renal pelvis
The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.
papillary duct
In the renal corpuscle, the visceral layer is a layer of specialized cells called
podocytes
What is the proper order for the structures of the renal corpuscle through which a substance travels during filtration?
1. filtration slit (slit pore)
2. capsular space
3. basement membrane
4. fenestrated endothelium
4, 3, 1, 2
Capillaries that surround the proximal convoluted tubules are
peritubular capillaries
Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the
renal corpuscle
The cells of the macula densa, the juxtaglomerular cells, and the extraglomerular mesangial cells form the
juxtaglomerular complex
Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the
proximal convoluted tubule.
The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.
peritubular
The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of which three layers?
fenestrated endothelium of glomerulus, basement membrane of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits
The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. In what order does blood pass through these vessels starting at the renal artery?
1. afferent arteriole
2. arcuate artery
3. interlobar artery
4. segmental artery
5. glomerulus
6
4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8
The ________ is a capillary bed that parallels the nephron loop (loop of Henle).
vasa recta`
The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney.
cortex
Each kidney has about ________ nephrons.
1.25 mil
Modified smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole that secrete renin are called
juxtaglomerular cells.
The functional units of kidneys where blood is filtered and urine produced are called
nephrons
The filtration of plasma takes place in the
renal corpuscle
Reabsorbed water and solutes enter into the
peritubular fluid.
The process that transports solutes, including many drugs, into the tubular fluid is called
secretion
The process of filtration is driven mainly by
...
Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. From the list below, what are these three main pressures?
1. glomerular hydrostatic pressure
2. capsular hydrostatic pressure
3. capsular colloid osmotic pressure
4. blood col
1, 2, and 4 are correct.
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is
glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane.
albumin
The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the
glomerular filtration rate
All of the following would result in an increase in renin release except
increased blood volume.
The ________ is the plasma concentration at which a specific compound will begin appearing in the urine.
renal threshold
The concentration at which all of the carriers in renal tubules for a given substance are saturated is the
tubukar maximum
Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except
stem cell movements.
Prolonged aldosterone stimulation of the distal convoluted tubule may result in
hypokalemia.
ADH creates a (small or large) volume of (dilute or concentrated) urine. (Figure 26-15)
small; concentrated
The ________ test is often used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate.
creatinine clearance
Basically, what occurs in the countercurrent multiplier process?
A higher sodium concentration is produced in the renal medulla that osmotically draws out water, reducing it within the tubules and the urine.
The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the
nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.
Antidiuretic hormone
increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?
99
In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce
urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.
Excess release of natriuretic peptides would cause
a large volume of dilute urine.
The detrusor muscle
compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.
The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.
transitional
The (ureter or urethra) transports urine to the bladder. (Figure 26-18)
ureter
The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the
trigone