Free Surface
Part of epithelial cells which is not in contact with other cells.
Basement Membrane
Attaches epithelial cells to underlying tissue
Simple Cuboidal
Epithelium with single layer of cube-shaped cells
stratified columnar
Epithelium with multiple layers of tall, thin cells
transitional
Epithelium with layers of cells that appear cubelike when an organ is relaxed and flattened when the organ is distended by fluid.
simple squamos
Epithelium with single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells.
pseudostratified
Epithelium with single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not.
stratified squamos
Epithelium with multiple layers of cells in which the deepest layers are cuboidal or columnar and become flattened at the surface.
stratified epithelium
Found in areas where protection is a major function, e.g., skin, anal canal, and vagina.
simple epithelium
Found in organs where the principal functions are diffusion, filtration, secretion or absorption.
squamos
Epithelial cells involved in diffusion or filtration.
cuboidal/columnar
Epithelial cells with the major finction of secretion or absorption.
exocrine
Glands with a duct (e.g., sweat glands).
endocrine
Glands with no duct; secrete hormones (e.g. pituitary gland).
tight junctions
Bind adjacent cells together and prevent the passage of materials between epithelial cells.
desmosomes
Mechanical links that function to bind cells together; found in areas subjected to stress such as skin epithelium.
gap junctions
Small channels that allow small molecules and ions to pass from one epithelial cell to another.
protein fibers
Extracellular matrix for dense and areolar connective tissue.
protein fibers + ground substance
Extracellular matrix for cartilage and bone.
liquid
Extracellular matrix for blood.
dense connective tissue
Closely packed collagen fibers running in the same direction; found in tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of the skin.
loose (areolar) connective tissue
Widely separated collagen fibers running in random directions attachment for organs, glands, muscles, nerves, and skin.
adipose tissue
Very little matrix; cells filled with lipid for energy storage.
hyaline cartilage
Covers the ends of bones where bones come together to form joints.
fibrocartilage
Found in the disks between vertebrae.
elastic cartilage
Found in the external ear.
bone
Hard connective tissues consisting of living cells and a mineralized matrix.
skeletal muscle
Cylindrical, striated, voluntary muscle cells with several nuclei per cell.
cardiac muscle
Striated, branching, involuntary cells with intercalated disks.
smooth muscle
Cells tapered at each end, unstriated, involuntary, and with a single nucleus.
cell body
Part of the nueron (nerve cell) that contains the nucleus; site of general cell function.
dendrites
Recieve action potentials and conduct them toward the cell body.
axon
Conducts action potentials away from the cell body.
neuroglia
Support cells of the nervous system; function to nourish, protect and insulate the neurons.
mediators of inflammation
Chemical substances that are released or activated in the injured tissues and adjacent blood vessels.
dilation and increased permeability
2 changes that occur in blood vessels that result in symptoms of redness, heat, and swelling.
edema
Swelling of tissues when proteins and water from blood enter tissues.
neutrophils
Phagocytic white blood cells that fight infection; dead cells in pus.
pain
Result of direct damage, mediators, and edema stimulating nerve cell endings.
disturbance of function
Limitations produced by edema, tissue destruction, and pain.
mucous membranes
Line cavities that open to the outside of the body.
serous membranes
Line the truck cavities and cover the organs located within the truck cavities.
other membranes
Includes, skin, synovial membrane, and periosteum.
regeneration
The new cells are of the same type as those that were destroyed.
replacement
A new type of tissue develops that eventually causes scar production and the loss of some tissue function.
Labile cells
Continue to divide throughout life; these cells can be completely repaired by regeneration.
Stable cells
Do not actively divide after growth ceases, but they do retain the ability to divide after an injury, and are capable of regeneration.
Permanent cells
Cannoth divide, and if killed, they are usually replaced by connective tissue.
Smooth
Cell surface that reduces friction.
Cilia
Propel materials along the cell surface.
Microvilli
Greatly increase surface area; cylindrical extensions of the cell membrane.
Collagen fibers
Protein fibers that resemble microscopic ropes; flexible, but resist stretching.
Reticular fibers
Fine short collagen fibers that branch.
Elastic fibers
Protein fibers with structure similar to a coiled bed spring.
Protoglycans
Ground substance molecules that trap water; composed of proteins and polysaccharides.
Blast cells
Cells that produce the extracellular matrix.
Cyte cells
Cells that maintain the extracellular matrix.
Clast cells
Cells that break down the extracellular matrix.
Macrophages
Cells that move about and ingest foreign substances.
Mast cells
Nonmotile cells; release chemicals promoting inflammation.
Condrocytes
Cartilage cells.
Osteocytes
Bone cells
Lacunae
Spaces containing cells within the matrix of bone or cartilage.
Pleural
Serous membranes associated with the lungs.
pericardial
Serous membranes associated with the heart.
peritoneal
Serous membranes associated with the abdominopelvic cavity.
fibrin
A threadlike protein that binds the edges of the wound together and stops the bleeding.
scab
The surface of the clot dries to form a ______.
macrophage
removes dead neutrophils, cellular debris, and the decomposing clot.
granulation tissue
a delicate connective tissue that replaces the clot consisting of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries.
Scar
when a large amount of granulation tissue persists.
wound contracture
when fibroblasts pull the edges of the wound closer together.