Chapter 1

anatomy

the study of the shape and structure of body parts

physiology

the branch of biological science that studies and describes how body parts work or function

homeostasis

the tendency of the body's systems to maintain a relatively constant or balanced internal environment

metabolism

the term that indicates all chemical reactions occurring in the body.

integumentary system

control of body tempature

thermoregulation

controlled by negative feedback

cephalic

refers to head region

thoracic cavity

pericardial (heart) and pleural (lungs) cavities

positive feedback

body is moved away from homeostasis, normal range is lost, used to speed up process, exaggerates variations. Ex. Child labor & contractions

negative feedback

opposes variation. Restores homeostasis. The response of the effecter negates the stimulus, body is brought back into homeostasis.

superior

toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body

inferior

away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body

anterior

toward or at the front of the body

posterior

toward the backside of the body

medial

toward the midline of the body

proximal

close to the orgin of the body part or at the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

distal

farther from the orgin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

superficial

toward or at the body surface

deep

away from the body surface; more internal

anatomical terms

describe body regions, anatomical positions and directions and body sections

nervous system

responds rapidly resulting in short term changes to maintain homeostasis

endocrine system

produces effects that last for days or longer to maintain homeostasis

ventral body cavity

contains organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Contains abdominopelvic and thoracic cavity.

diaphragm

a flat muscular sheet divides the ventral body cavity into a superior thoracic cavity bounded by the chest wall, and inferior abdominopelvic cavity.

viscera

a delicate layer called serous membrane likes the walls of these internal cavities and covers the surfaces of the enclosed viscera. Covers the organ

body cavities

protect internal organs from accidental shock and allow them to change shape and size.

serous membranes

line body cavities and cover organs

skeletal system

provides support; protects tissues; stores minerals; forms blood

muscular system

produces movement and locomotion; provides support; generates hear

cardiovascular system

transport cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes and gases.

lymphoid system

defends against infection and disease; returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream

anatomy

the study of the shape and structure of body parts

physiology

the branch of biological science that studies and describes how body parts work or function

homeostasis

the tendency of the body's systems to maintain a relatively constant or balanced internal environment

metabolism

the term that indicates all chemical reactions occurring in the body.

integumentary system

control of body tempature

thermoregulation

controlled by negative feedback

cephalic

refers to head region

thoracic cavity

pericardial (heart) and pleural (lungs) cavities

positive feedback

body is moved away from homeostasis, normal range is lost, used to speed up process, exaggerates variations. Ex. Child labor & contractions

negative feedback

opposes variation. Restores homeostasis. The response of the effecter negates the stimulus, body is brought back into homeostasis.

superior

toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body

inferior

away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body

anterior

toward or at the front of the body

posterior

toward the backside of the body

medial

toward the midline of the body

proximal

close to the orgin of the body part or at the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

distal

farther from the orgin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

superficial

toward or at the body surface

deep

away from the body surface; more internal

anatomical terms

describe body regions, anatomical positions and directions and body sections

nervous system

responds rapidly resulting in short term changes to maintain homeostasis

endocrine system

produces effects that last for days or longer to maintain homeostasis

ventral body cavity

contains organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Contains abdominopelvic and thoracic cavity.

diaphragm

a flat muscular sheet divides the ventral body cavity into a superior thoracic cavity bounded by the chest wall, and inferior abdominopelvic cavity.

viscera

a delicate layer called serous membrane likes the walls of these internal cavities and covers the surfaces of the enclosed viscera. Covers the organ

body cavities

protect internal organs from accidental shock and allow them to change shape and size.

serous membranes

line body cavities and cover organs

skeletal system

provides support; protects tissues; stores minerals; forms blood

muscular system

produces movement and locomotion; provides support; generates hear

cardiovascular system

transport cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes and gases.

lymphoid system

defends against infection and disease; returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream