Anatomy Chapter 1 Vocab

anatomy

concerned with the structure of a part

physiology

concerned with the function of a part

atoms

submicroscopic particles

molecules

Atoms join to form _________,

macromolecules

What forms when molecules join.

anterior

(ventral) means that a body part is located toward the front

posterior

(dorsal) means that a body part is located toward the back

superior

means that a body part is located above another part, or toward the head

inferior

means that a body part is located above another part, or toward the head

inferior

means that a body part is below another part, or toward the feet

medial

means that a body part is nearer than another part to an imaginary midline of the body

lateral

means that a body part is farther away from the midline

proximal

means that a body part is closer to the point or attrachment or closer to the trunk

distal

means that a body part is farther from the point of attachment or farther from the trunk or torso

superficial

(external) means that a body part is located near the surface

deep

(internal) means that the body part is situated at the center of the body or an organ

peripheral

means that a body part is situated away from the center of the body or an organ

axial portion

includes the head, neck, and trunk

appendicular portion

includes the limbs

sagital plane

(median) extends lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions

traverse plane

(horizontal) also extends lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions

frontal plane

(coronal) also extends lengthwise but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions

cells

the basic units of all living things

organelles

tiny structures that perform cellular functions

tissue

composed of similar types of cells and perform a specific function

organ

composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function within an organ system

organ system

system of organs

organism

a living thing made up of all body systems together

viscera

the organs in the cavities, they are lined by membranes

cranial cavity

enclosed by the body cranium; contains the brain

vertebral canal

enclosed by the vertebrae; contains the spinal cord

meninges

membrane layers that line the posterior body cavity

spinal meningitis

a serious condition usually caused by an infection where the meninges are inflamed

thoracic cavity

superiour large anterior body cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

interior large anterior body cavity

diaphragm

a muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

serous membranes

membranes that line the cavaties; they secrete a fluid with a serum like composition and a component of blood; reduces friction

visceral membrane

a membrane that covers the fist

parietal membrane

the small space bewteen the inner and outer membrane

mediastinum

the medial portion that contains the heart, thumus gland, trachea, esophagus, and other structures

pleura

a serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

parietal pleura

lies next to the thoracic wall

visceral pleura

adheres to a lung

visceral pericardium

adheres to the heart

parietal pericardium

serparated from the ceral pericardium by the pericardial cavity

abdominal cavity

the superiour portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

pelvic cavity

the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

scrotum

the males external extension of the abdominal wall where the testes are found

visceral perironeum

lines the wall of the abdominal

peritonitis

a serious condition where peritoneum is inflamed usually caused by an infection

organ transplantation

when a healthy organ is recieved from a donor

integumentary

includes the skin and accessory organs, such as the hair, nails, swear glands, and sabaceous glands

skeletal system

consists of the bones of the skeleton and associated cartilage as well as the ligaments that bind these strucatures together

muscular system

gives the body support and is invloved in the ability of the body and its parts move

nervous system

consists of the brain, spinal cord, and associated nerves that conduct nerve impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord

endocrine system

consists of the hormonal glands that secrete chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts

cardiovascular system

consists of the heart and the blood vessels that carry blood through the body

lymphatic system

protects the body from disease

respiratory system

consists of the lungs and the tubes that take air to and from the lungs; brings oxygen into the lungs and takes the carbon dioxide out of the lungs

digestive system

consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), along with the accessory organs (teeth, tongues, salivary glands, liver, galbladder, and pancreas)

urinary system

contains kidneys and the urinary bladder, rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and helps regulate the fluid level and chemical content of the blood

anatomy

concerned with the structure of a part

physiology

concerned with the function of a part

atoms

submicroscopic particles

molecules

Atoms join to form _________,

macromolecules

What forms when molecules join.

anterior

(ventral) means that a body part is located toward the front

posterior

(dorsal) means that a body part is located toward the back

superior

means that a body part is located above another part, or toward the head

inferior

means that a body part is located above another part, or toward the head

inferior

means that a body part is below another part, or toward the feet

medial

means that a body part is nearer than another part to an imaginary midline of the body

lateral

means that a body part is farther away from the midline

proximal

means that a body part is closer to the point or attrachment or closer to the trunk

distal

means that a body part is farther from the point of attachment or farther from the trunk or torso

superficial

(external) means that a body part is located near the surface

deep

(internal) means that the body part is situated at the center of the body or an organ

peripheral

means that a body part is situated away from the center of the body or an organ

axial portion

includes the head, neck, and trunk

appendicular portion

includes the limbs

sagital plane

(median) extends lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions

traverse plane

(horizontal) also extends lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions

frontal plane

(coronal) also extends lengthwise but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions

cells

the basic units of all living things

organelles

tiny structures that perform cellular functions

tissue

composed of similar types of cells and perform a specific function

organ

composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function within an organ system

organ system

system of organs

organism

a living thing made up of all body systems together

viscera

the organs in the cavities, they are lined by membranes

cranial cavity

enclosed by the body cranium; contains the brain

vertebral canal

enclosed by the vertebrae; contains the spinal cord

meninges

membrane layers that line the posterior body cavity

spinal meningitis

a serious condition usually caused by an infection where the meninges are inflamed

thoracic cavity

superiour large anterior body cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

interior large anterior body cavity

diaphragm

a muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

serous membranes

membranes that line the cavaties; they secrete a fluid with a serum like composition and a component of blood; reduces friction

visceral membrane

a membrane that covers the fist

parietal membrane

the small space bewteen the inner and outer membrane

mediastinum

the medial portion that contains the heart, thumus gland, trachea, esophagus, and other structures

pleura

a serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

parietal pleura

lies next to the thoracic wall

visceral pleura

adheres to a lung

visceral pericardium

adheres to the heart

parietal pericardium

serparated from the ceral pericardium by the pericardial cavity

abdominal cavity

the superiour portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

pelvic cavity

the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

scrotum

the males external extension of the abdominal wall where the testes are found

visceral perironeum

lines the wall of the abdominal

peritonitis

a serious condition where peritoneum is inflamed usually caused by an infection

organ transplantation

when a healthy organ is recieved from a donor

integumentary

includes the skin and accessory organs, such as the hair, nails, swear glands, and sabaceous glands

skeletal system

consists of the bones of the skeleton and associated cartilage as well as the ligaments that bind these strucatures together

muscular system

gives the body support and is invloved in the ability of the body and its parts move

nervous system

consists of the brain, spinal cord, and associated nerves that conduct nerve impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord

endocrine system

consists of the hormonal glands that secrete chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts

cardiovascular system

consists of the heart and the blood vessels that carry blood through the body

lymphatic system

protects the body from disease

respiratory system

consists of the lungs and the tubes that take air to and from the lungs; brings oxygen into the lungs and takes the carbon dioxide out of the lungs

digestive system

consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), along with the accessory organs (teeth, tongues, salivary glands, liver, galbladder, and pancreas)

urinary system

contains kidneys and the urinary bladder, rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and helps regulate the fluid level and chemical content of the blood