anatomy
concerned with the structure of a part
physiology
concerned with the function of a part
atoms
submicroscopic particles
molecules
Atoms join to form _________,
macromolecules
What forms when molecules join.
anterior
(ventral) means that a body part is located toward the front
posterior
(dorsal) means that a body part is located toward the back
superior
means that a body part is located above another part, or toward the head
inferior
means that a body part is located above another part, or toward the head
inferior
means that a body part is below another part, or toward the feet
medial
means that a body part is nearer than another part to an imaginary midline of the body
lateral
means that a body part is farther away from the midline
proximal
means that a body part is closer to the point or attrachment or closer to the trunk
distal
means that a body part is farther from the point of attachment or farther from the trunk or torso
superficial
(external) means that a body part is located near the surface
deep
(internal) means that the body part is situated at the center of the body or an organ
peripheral
means that a body part is situated away from the center of the body or an organ
axial portion
includes the head, neck, and trunk
appendicular portion
includes the limbs
sagital plane
(median) extends lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions
traverse plane
(horizontal) also extends lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions
frontal plane
(coronal) also extends lengthwise but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions
cells
the basic units of all living things
organelles
tiny structures that perform cellular functions
tissue
composed of similar types of cells and perform a specific function
organ
composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function within an organ system
organ system
system of organs
organism
a living thing made up of all body systems together
viscera
the organs in the cavities, they are lined by membranes
cranial cavity
enclosed by the body cranium; contains the brain
vertebral canal
enclosed by the vertebrae; contains the spinal cord
meninges
membrane layers that line the posterior body cavity
spinal meningitis
a serious condition usually caused by an infection where the meninges are inflamed
thoracic cavity
superiour large anterior body cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
interior large anterior body cavity
diaphragm
a muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
serous membranes
membranes that line the cavaties; they secrete a fluid with a serum like composition and a component of blood; reduces friction
visceral membrane
a membrane that covers the fist
parietal membrane
the small space bewteen the inner and outer membrane
mediastinum
the medial portion that contains the heart, thumus gland, trachea, esophagus, and other structures
pleura
a serous membrane that surrounds the lungs
parietal pleura
lies next to the thoracic wall
visceral pleura
adheres to a lung
visceral pericardium
adheres to the heart
parietal pericardium
serparated from the ceral pericardium by the pericardial cavity
abdominal cavity
the superiour portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
pelvic cavity
the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
scrotum
the males external extension of the abdominal wall where the testes are found
visceral perironeum
lines the wall of the abdominal
peritonitis
a serious condition where peritoneum is inflamed usually caused by an infection
organ transplantation
when a healthy organ is recieved from a donor
integumentary
includes the skin and accessory organs, such as the hair, nails, swear glands, and sabaceous glands
skeletal system
consists of the bones of the skeleton and associated cartilage as well as the ligaments that bind these strucatures together
muscular system
gives the body support and is invloved in the ability of the body and its parts move
nervous system
consists of the brain, spinal cord, and associated nerves that conduct nerve impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord
endocrine system
consists of the hormonal glands that secrete chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts
cardiovascular system
consists of the heart and the blood vessels that carry blood through the body
lymphatic system
protects the body from disease
respiratory system
consists of the lungs and the tubes that take air to and from the lungs; brings oxygen into the lungs and takes the carbon dioxide out of the lungs
digestive system
consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), along with the accessory organs (teeth, tongues, salivary glands, liver, galbladder, and pancreas)
urinary system
contains kidneys and the urinary bladder, rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and helps regulate the fluid level and chemical content of the blood
anatomy
concerned with the structure of a part
physiology
concerned with the function of a part
atoms
submicroscopic particles
molecules
Atoms join to form _________,
macromolecules
What forms when molecules join.
anterior
(ventral) means that a body part is located toward the front
posterior
(dorsal) means that a body part is located toward the back
superior
means that a body part is located above another part, or toward the head
inferior
means that a body part is located above another part, or toward the head
inferior
means that a body part is below another part, or toward the feet
medial
means that a body part is nearer than another part to an imaginary midline of the body
lateral
means that a body part is farther away from the midline
proximal
means that a body part is closer to the point or attrachment or closer to the trunk
distal
means that a body part is farther from the point of attachment or farther from the trunk or torso
superficial
(external) means that a body part is located near the surface
deep
(internal) means that the body part is situated at the center of the body or an organ
peripheral
means that a body part is situated away from the center of the body or an organ
axial portion
includes the head, neck, and trunk
appendicular portion
includes the limbs
sagital plane
(median) extends lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions
traverse plane
(horizontal) also extends lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions
frontal plane
(coronal) also extends lengthwise but it is perpendicular to a sagital plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions
cells
the basic units of all living things
organelles
tiny structures that perform cellular functions
tissue
composed of similar types of cells and perform a specific function
organ
composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function within an organ system
organ system
system of organs
organism
a living thing made up of all body systems together
viscera
the organs in the cavities, they are lined by membranes
cranial cavity
enclosed by the body cranium; contains the brain
vertebral canal
enclosed by the vertebrae; contains the spinal cord
meninges
membrane layers that line the posterior body cavity
spinal meningitis
a serious condition usually caused by an infection where the meninges are inflamed
thoracic cavity
superiour large anterior body cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
interior large anterior body cavity
diaphragm
a muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
serous membranes
membranes that line the cavaties; they secrete a fluid with a serum like composition and a component of blood; reduces friction
visceral membrane
a membrane that covers the fist
parietal membrane
the small space bewteen the inner and outer membrane
mediastinum
the medial portion that contains the heart, thumus gland, trachea, esophagus, and other structures
pleura
a serous membrane that surrounds the lungs
parietal pleura
lies next to the thoracic wall
visceral pleura
adheres to a lung
visceral pericardium
adheres to the heart
parietal pericardium
serparated from the ceral pericardium by the pericardial cavity
abdominal cavity
the superiour portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
pelvic cavity
the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
scrotum
the males external extension of the abdominal wall where the testes are found
visceral perironeum
lines the wall of the abdominal
peritonitis
a serious condition where peritoneum is inflamed usually caused by an infection
organ transplantation
when a healthy organ is recieved from a donor
integumentary
includes the skin and accessory organs, such as the hair, nails, swear glands, and sabaceous glands
skeletal system
consists of the bones of the skeleton and associated cartilage as well as the ligaments that bind these strucatures together
muscular system
gives the body support and is invloved in the ability of the body and its parts move
nervous system
consists of the brain, spinal cord, and associated nerves that conduct nerve impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord
endocrine system
consists of the hormonal glands that secrete chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts
cardiovascular system
consists of the heart and the blood vessels that carry blood through the body
lymphatic system
protects the body from disease
respiratory system
consists of the lungs and the tubes that take air to and from the lungs; brings oxygen into the lungs and takes the carbon dioxide out of the lungs
digestive system
consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), along with the accessory organs (teeth, tongues, salivary glands, liver, galbladder, and pancreas)
urinary system
contains kidneys and the urinary bladder, rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and helps regulate the fluid level and chemical content of the blood