anatomy appendicular skeleton

scapula

forms part of the pectoral girdle, triangle-shaped bane that serves as a site of attachment for many muscles that move arms and pectoral girdle

glenoid cavity

shallow depression on the superior, lateral side of the scapula, articulates with head of the humerus which forms the glenohumeral joint (ball and socket)

coracoid process

a beak shaped projection on the scapula located superiorly and anteriorly to the glenoid cavity

spine of the scapula

the bony ridge coursing diagonally along the posterior surface of the scapula

acromion process of the scapula

the lateral expanded end of the spine of the scapula, lateral-most extremity of the scapula

medial border of the scapula

border that faces the vertebral column

supraspinous fossa

a deppression located above the spine of the scapula

infraspinous fossa

a deppression located below the spine of the scapula

clavicle

articulates at its medial end eith the manubrium of the sternum forming the sternoclavicular joint

humerus

is the single bone of the arm (between the shoulder and the elbow)

head of the humerus

is the large rounded structure at the proximal end of the humerus

greater tubercle of the humerus

is the raised area at the proximal end of the humerus

lesser tubercle of the humerus

is a small raised area near the greater tubercle at the proximal end of the humerus

intertubercular groove of the humerus

located between the lesser and greater tubercles, the site of attachment for several muscles in the humerus

deltoid tuberosity

a rough, raised area along the middle of the diaphysis of the humerus

olecranon fossa

a deppression at the distal end of the posterior surface of the humerus, forms a hinge with the olecranon process of the ulna

coronoid fossa

is a small deppression at the distal end of the anterior surface of the humerus, articulates with the coroniod process of the ulna

trochlea

a pulley-shaped structure located at the distal posterior humerus, forms a hinge with the trochlear notch of the ulna

capitulum

rounded stucture on the lateral side of the distal end of the humerus, articulates with the head of the radius

medial and lateral epicondyles

located just superior to the capitulum and trochlea of the humerus

ulna

the medial bone of the forearm

trochlear notch of the ulna

a U shaped depression at the proximal end of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus forming the hinge joint humeroulna joint

olecranon

forms the point of the elbow on the posterior surface of the proximal ulna

olecranon process of the ulna

is the tip of the olecranon, articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus

coronoid process of the ulna

is a small process that articulates with the coronoid fossa of the humerus

radial notch

a small depressionat the proximal end of the ulna, articulates with the head of the radius

styloid process of the ulna

a pointed structure at the distal end of the ulna

head of the ulna

located at the distal end of the ulna, just proximal to the styloid process

radius

more lateral of the two bones in the forearm

radial tuberosity

is a roughened raised area at the proximal end of the radius

styloid process of the radius

pointed structure at the distal end of the radius

head of the radius

a rounded structure at the proximalend of the radius, articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna, forms the radioulnar joint a pivot-type joint

pelvic girdle

composed of the two coxal bones composed of the ilium, ischium and pubis

acetabulum

a cup like deppression on the lateral side of each coxal bone where all regions of the bone fuse together, also articulates with the head of the femur

iliac crest

the ridge along the superior edge of the ilium

anterior superior iliac spine

a bony prominence that forms the anterior-inferior boundary of the iliac crest

anterior inferior iliac spine

a bony prominence located just inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

a prominent structure that forms the posteriorthe posterior inferior boundery of the iliac crest

posterior inferior iliac spine

a bony projection located inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine

greater sciatic notch

a conspicuous groove below the posterior inferior iliac spine, through which the sciatic nerve passes from the hip to the thigh

ischial tuberosity

is a rough area on the inferior surface of the ischium, site of attachment for the hamstring

obturator foramen

a large oval opening in the coxal boneformed from parts of the ischium and the pubis, through which blood vessels and nerves leave

pubis

includes the articular surface for the pubic symphysis

sacroiliac joint

formed by the articulation of the sacrum with the ilium on either side of the body

femur

single bone of the thigh, longest and stoungest bone of the human body

head of the femur

rounded structure at the proximal end of the femur, articulates with the acetabulum

neck of the femur

narrow portion of the femur that joins the head with the diaphysis (shaft)

greater trochanter of the femur

a large rough raised area on the proximal end of the femur that forms the most lateral part of the femur

lesser trochanter of the femur

a small bony prominance located posterior and inferior to the greater trochanter

medial and lateral condyles of the femur

located on the distal end of the femur, smooth surfaces that articulates the condyles of the tibia

medial and lateral epicondyles

rough areas above the condyles of the femur

linea aspera

a prominent ridge along the posterior surface of the femur

gluteal tuderosity

a small rough stucture located lateral to the lesser trochanter and inferior to the greater trochanter of the femur

patella

a sesamoid bone that leads to stability of the knee

tibia

larger of the two bones of the leg more medial of the two bones

tibial tuberosity

the bony prominence on the anterior surface of teh proximal tibia

medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

articulates with the condyles of the femur

medial malleolus

prominent structure of the distal tibia on the medial surface, forms the inner ankle

fibula

smaller of the two leg bones and is located lateral to the tibia

lateral malleolus

is a prominent struture of the distal tibia on the medial surface

head of the fibula

articulates with the proximal end of the tibia

scapula

forms part of the pectoral girdle, triangle-shaped bane that serves as a site of attachment for many muscles that move arms and pectoral girdle

glenoid cavity

shallow depression on the superior, lateral side of the scapula, articulates with head of the humerus which forms the glenohumeral joint (ball and socket)

coracoid process

a beak shaped projection on the scapula located superiorly and anteriorly to the glenoid cavity

spine of the scapula

the bony ridge coursing diagonally along the posterior surface of the scapula

acromion process of the scapula

the lateral expanded end of the spine of the scapula, lateral-most extremity of the scapula

medial border of the scapula

border that faces the vertebral column

supraspinous fossa

a deppression located above the spine of the scapula

infraspinous fossa

a deppression located below the spine of the scapula

clavicle

articulates at its medial end eith the manubrium of the sternum forming the sternoclavicular joint

humerus

is the single bone of the arm (between the shoulder and the elbow)

head of the humerus

is the large rounded structure at the proximal end of the humerus

greater tubercle of the humerus

is the raised area at the proximal end of the humerus

lesser tubercle of the humerus

is a small raised area near the greater tubercle at the proximal end of the humerus

intertubercular groove of the humerus

located between the lesser and greater tubercles, the site of attachment for several muscles in the humerus

deltoid tuberosity

a rough, raised area along the middle of the diaphysis of the humerus

olecranon fossa

a deppression at the distal end of the posterior surface of the humerus, forms a hinge with the olecranon process of the ulna

coronoid fossa

is a small deppression at the distal end of the anterior surface of the humerus, articulates with the coroniod process of the ulna

trochlea

a pulley-shaped structure located at the distal posterior humerus, forms a hinge with the trochlear notch of the ulna

capitulum

rounded stucture on the lateral side of the distal end of the humerus, articulates with the head of the radius

medial and lateral epicondyles

located just superior to the capitulum and trochlea of the humerus

ulna

the medial bone of the forearm

trochlear notch of the ulna

a U shaped depression at the proximal end of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus forming the hinge joint humeroulna joint

olecranon

forms the point of the elbow on the posterior surface of the proximal ulna

olecranon process of the ulna

is the tip of the olecranon, articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus

coronoid process of the ulna

is a small process that articulates with the coronoid fossa of the humerus

radial notch

a small depressionat the proximal end of the ulna, articulates with the head of the radius

styloid process of the ulna

a pointed structure at the distal end of the ulna

head of the ulna

located at the distal end of the ulna, just proximal to the styloid process

radius

more lateral of the two bones in the forearm

radial tuberosity

is a roughened raised area at the proximal end of the radius

styloid process of the radius

pointed structure at the distal end of the radius

head of the radius

a rounded structure at the proximalend of the radius, articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna, forms the radioulnar joint a pivot-type joint

pelvic girdle

composed of the two coxal bones composed of the ilium, ischium and pubis

acetabulum

a cup like deppression on the lateral side of each coxal bone where all regions of the bone fuse together, also articulates with the head of the femur

iliac crest

the ridge along the superior edge of the ilium

anterior superior iliac spine

a bony prominence that forms the anterior-inferior boundary of the iliac crest

anterior inferior iliac spine

a bony prominence located just inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

a prominent structure that forms the posteriorthe posterior inferior boundery of the iliac crest

posterior inferior iliac spine

a bony projection located inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine

greater sciatic notch

a conspicuous groove below the posterior inferior iliac spine, through which the sciatic nerve passes from the hip to the thigh

ischial tuberosity

is a rough area on the inferior surface of the ischium, site of attachment for the hamstring

obturator foramen

a large oval opening in the coxal boneformed from parts of the ischium and the pubis, through which blood vessels and nerves leave

pubis

includes the articular surface for the pubic symphysis

sacroiliac joint

formed by the articulation of the sacrum with the ilium on either side of the body

femur

single bone of the thigh, longest and stoungest bone of the human body

head of the femur

rounded structure at the proximal end of the femur, articulates with the acetabulum

neck of the femur

narrow portion of the femur that joins the head with the diaphysis (shaft)

greater trochanter of the femur

a large rough raised area on the proximal end of the femur that forms the most lateral part of the femur

lesser trochanter of the femur

a small bony prominance located posterior and inferior to the greater trochanter

medial and lateral condyles of the femur

located on the distal end of the femur, smooth surfaces that articulates the condyles of the tibia

medial and lateral epicondyles

rough areas above the condyles of the femur

linea aspera

a prominent ridge along the posterior surface of the femur

gluteal tuderosity

a small rough stucture located lateral to the lesser trochanter and inferior to the greater trochanter of the femur

patella

a sesamoid bone that leads to stability of the knee

tibia

larger of the two bones of the leg more medial of the two bones

tibial tuberosity

the bony prominence on the anterior surface of teh proximal tibia

medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

articulates with the condyles of the femur

medial malleolus

prominent structure of the distal tibia on the medial surface, forms the inner ankle

fibula

smaller of the two leg bones and is located lateral to the tibia

lateral malleolus

is a prominent struture of the distal tibia on the medial surface

head of the fibula

articulates with the proximal end of the tibia