epiphysis
the end of a long bone
diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone
periosteum
outer part of a long bone
spongy bone
hard bone with little holes that is under the compact bone
compact bone
dense bone underneath the periosteum
medullary cavity
cavity in diaphysis of a bone that contains red and yellow marrow
red marrow
produces red/white blood cells and platelets
yellow marrow
fatty connective tissue
nutrient artery
supplies oxygen and nutrients to the shaft of the bone
skeletal system
Supports and protects the body (bones)
muscular system
supports and enables the body to move (muscles)
integumetary system
protects the body from pathogen invasion, water loss, and physical trauma (skin)
cardiovascular system
transports nutrients and waste to and from all body tissue (heart, blood vessels, blood)
nervous system
Detects information from the environment and controls body functions (brain, spinal chord, nerves, sense organs, receptors)
excretory system
the system that removes waste from your body and controls water balance (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra)
respiratory system
Takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide (air passages, lungs)
digestive system
breaks down food and absorbs nutrients (mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small, and large intestines)
immune system
the cells, tissues, and organs that protect the body from disease (lymph nodes and vessels, white blood cells)
endocrine system
mantains homeostasis, regulate metabolism, growth, behavior, development, and reproductive (endocrine glands, hormones)
reproductive system
system of organs involved in producing offspring ( ovaries, uterus, mammary glands, testes)
muscle tissue
compsed of cells that can contract (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac)
nervous tissue
contains neurons that receive and transmit messages as electrical charges
epithelial tissue
layers of cells that line or cover al internal and external body surfaces (ex. skin)
connective tissue
binds, supports, and protect structures in the body (ex. bones, cartilage, tendons, fat, blood)
body cavities
compartments where organs and organ system are housed (cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic)
Haversian canal
narrow channel within each cylinder of compact bone that contains blood vessels
osteocytes
bone cells
ossification
process in which cartilage turns into bone
epiphyseal plate
place in bone where it elongates
ligaments
tough band of connective tissue that holds bones in place (bones to bones)
tendons
connective tissue that hold muscles to bones
striations
light and dark stripes on the muscle
fascicles
dark, dense bundles of muscle fibers
voluntary vs. involuntary muscles
skeletal muscles- voluntary, smooth muscles- involuntary
myofibrils
bundles of thread like structures made of thick and thin proteins
myosin
protein that makes up thick filaments
actin
protein that makes up thin fibers
Z line
structure that actin filaments are attached to
sacromere
region form one Z line to the next and is the functional unit of contraction
origin
point where the muscle attaches to the stationary bone
insertion
the point where the muscle attaches to the moving bone
flexor
muscle that bends a joint (biceps)
extensor
muscle that straightens the joint (triceps)