barrons ch. 12

the purpose of the eye is to gather light from the environment and from an image on cells of the

retina

the nerve that carries impulses from the eye to the brain is the

optic nerve

the inner coat of the posterior wall of the eye is composed of the

retina

the outer wall of the eye consists of the cornea and the

sclera

the thin watery fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye is

aqueous humor

the jellylike substance that fills the posterior cavity of the eye is called

vitreus humor

the posterior chamber of the eye lies between the iris and the

lens

the iris is composed of 2 layers of

smooth muscle

the pupil of the eye is an opening in the portion of the eye known as the

iris

the transparent biconcave lens is found behind the

pupil

the suspensory ligament attaches the lens to the structure called the

ciliary body

the nervous layer of the retina consists of three layers of

neurons

the eyelids are covered on their surfaces by the mucous membrane called the

conjunctiva

tears that bathe the eyeball and keep it moist are produced by the

lacrimal apparatus

twilight vision is concerned with those retinal cells known as

rods

daylight vision and close detailed vision are permitted by those retinal cells known as

cones

the place where most cones are concentrated is the

fovea centralis

the retinal cells in their greatest number at the outer edge of the retina are

rods

the optic disc contains no visual receptors and is therefore called the

blind spot

the lobe of the brain where the visual patterns are interpreted is the

occipital lobe

the process of light focusing due to the elasticity of the lens is called the

accommodation

the change of lens shape to focus objects at various distances is under the control of a muscle called the

ciliary muscle

persons having a condition in which the 2 eyes do not work together in a coordinated way suffer from

strabismus

the correct term for nearsightedness is

myopia

nearsightedness can be corrected by utilizing glasses having lenses that are

biconcave

the condition of farsightedness is correctly known as

hyperopia

farsightedness can be corrected with glasses having lenses that are

biconvex

irregular curvature of the lens or cornea results in a disorder known as

astigmatism

the sexlinked genetic trait in which a person cannot detect certain colors is called

color blindness

the major lobe of the brain in which hearing perception occurs is the

temporal lobe

the technical name for the eardrum is the

tympanic membrane

the middle ear bones which transmit sound to the inner ear are known as the malleus incus and

stapes

the long slender tube leading from the pharynx to the middle ear is the

eustachian tube

the snaillike structure of the internal ear is called the

cochlea

three qualities of sound waves are intensity, pitch, and

timbre

sound waves are transmitted from the middle ear bones to the membrane of the cochlea beneath the stapes called the

oval window

in the cochlea hair cells detect sound produced pressure changes in a structure called the

organ of corti

sound induced nerve impulses are transmitted to the brain for interpretation over the cochlear branch of the nerve called the

vestibulocochlear nerve

the sense of taste is technically known as the

gustatory sense

taste buds are located on the upper surface of the tongue within tiny elevations called

papillae

the five primary tastes are sweet sour salty umami and

bitter

the sensations of salt and sweet are detected on the portion of the tongue that is

anterior

impulses of taste are transmitted to the brain over the facial nerve or the

glossopharyngeal nerve

the sense of smell is called the

olfactory sense

the interpretations of smell are made in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum and in the

frontal lobe

touch receptors in the skin are known as

merkel's disks

receptors that detect pressure and vibrations in the skin are called the

Pacinian corpuscles

the sense of equilibrium is associated with the canals and passageways found in the

inner ear

each of the semicircular canals used in equilibrium connects with and outgrowth called the

utricle

maintaining posture depends in impulses arising in the semicircular canal and using small bits of calcium carbonate called

otoliths

the outer layer of the wall of the eye is composed of the

cornea and sclera

the vitreous humor of the eye may be found between

the lens and retina

the iris is composed of

two layers of smooth muscle

the color of a persons eyes depends upon which pigments are contained in the

iris

all of the following are components of the retina of the eye except

ciliary muscles

the conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that

covers the eyeball and lines the eyelids

tears are produced by a set of glands next to the eyeball and known as the

lacrimal gland

the rod shaped cells of the retina permit vision

where there is dim light

the highest concentration of cone shaped cells is at the

fovea centralis

the highest concentration of rod shaped cells is at the

outer edge of the retina

an inverted image is converted into an upright image at the

occipital lobe of the brain

the process of accomadation is due to the

changing shape of the lens

persons having the condition called strabismus have a condition in which

the eyes do not work in a coordinated fashion

a person who suffers from nearsightedness can be assisted by glasses having

biconcave lenses

a person suffering from farsightedness can be helped by wearing glasses that have

biconvex lens

in a person who is farsighted

the image forms behind the retina

color blindness is the result of

genetic trait

all of the following are parts of the outer ear except the

ear ossicles

the eustachian tube leads from the

pharynx to the inner ear

all of the following are characteristics of sound waves except

refraction

sound vibraations are conducted from the stapes to the perilymph of the cochlea by the

oval window

molecules that stimulate the sour taste are detected at the

lateral anterior portion of the tongue

the taste buds send their impulses to the brain for interpretation utilizing the

facial and glossopharyngeal nerves

the olfactory nerve is primarily concerned with carrying impulses from the

nose

the utricle saccule and vestibule are all concerned primarily with the sense of

equilibrium

the nerve that transmits impulses from the eye to the brain is the _______

optic nerve

the ________ layer of the eyeball is a highly vascular layer consisting of the choroid layer, iris, and ciliary bodies.

middle

the two components of the outer layer of the eyeball are the cornea and the _______

sclera

the posterior chamber of the eye is found between the iris and the _________

lens

two layers of _______muscle compose the iris

smooth

the lens is a transparent ______ disc of fibrous protein material occuring in concentric layers

biconvex

the _______________ attaches the lens to the ciliary body

suspensory ligament

the neurons that receive impulses initiated by rod and cone cells are ___________ neurons

bipolar

the mucous membrane folded over part of the eyeball and lining the eyelid is the ___________

conjunctiva

tears are produced in the eye to bathe the eyeball by the __________ apparatus

lacrimal

the _____ cells permit close detailed vision and are concerned with color vision

cone

cone cells are highlly concentrated in the ________ a small indentation near the posterior portion of the center of the retina

fovea centralis

the number of rod cells _____________ as the distance from the fovea centralis increases

increases

the principal structure for focusing light rays on the retina is the ______

lens

the ___________ muscles of the eye are responsible for eyeball movements that help one see a single 3-d image

extrinsic

the condition called astigmatism is due to and irregular curvature of the lens or _______

cornea

the major site for hearing perception in the brain is the temporal lobe of the ______

cerebrum

the three middle ear bones that transmit sound waves are known as the malleus _______ and stapes

incus

the eustachian tube leading to the ______ ear helps maintain air pressure on both sides of the eardrum

middle

the intensity of sound waves is usually expressed in ______

decibels

perilymph vibrations in the inner ear are transmitted to dendrites located in the _________in the cochlea

organ of corti

most papillae that contain the taste buds are found on the ________

tongue

taste stimuli pass through the __________ of the brain on their way to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum where the stimuli are interpreted

thalamus

the variety of smells that the body can detect is ______

over 10000

the semicircular canals of the inner ear are concerned primarily with the sense of ______

equilibrium