epithelial membrane
group of membrane tissues that includes mucous, serous, and the cutaneous membranes
cutaneous membrane
dry membrane with 2 layers: epidermis and dermis a.k.a. skin
mucous membrane
membrane lining all body cavities open to exterior, like lungs and digestive tract; adapted for absorption or secretion
serous membrane
lime body cavities closed to exterior , occur in pairs and covers internal organs
lamina propria
loose connective tissue membrane a mucous membrane lies on
parietal layer
outer layer of a serous membrane that lines cavity wall
visceral layer
inner layer of a serous membrane that clings and covers the outside of organs
pleura
the layers of serous membranes covering the lungs
pericardium
serous membrane encasing the heart
peritoneum
serous membranes lining ventral body cavity
serous fluid
thin clear fluid that is found between the visceral and parietal layers of a serous membrane
synovial membranes
connective tissue membranes that line fibrous capsules surrounding joints and help lubricate
skin
self-healing, waterproof, elatic membrane that protects, regulates, and senses outside conditions; a.k.a cutaneous membrane
integument
means "covering", refers to skin and its system
cornified
tough nature of upper layer of the skin due to keratin; hardened
vitamin D
modified cholesterol molecules in skin are converted into this under sunlight
cutaneous sensory receptors
tiny nerves in skin that feel touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
epidermis
most superficial layer of skin that is capable of keratinizing; made of stratified squamous epithelium
keratinize
to become hard and tough with the presence of a certain protein
dermis
dense connective tissue layer of skin firmly connected to epidermis
hypodermis
adipose tissue found deep to the dermis layer of skin; anchors skin to underlying organs, insulates body
strata
layers
stratum germinativum
deepest cell layer of epidermis constantly going under cell division, contains stem cells; aka stratum basale
keratinocytes
cells which produce protein keratin that makes skin tough
stratum spinosum
layer where cells appear prickly or spiny from desmosomes between them, secrete lipids that help waterproof the skin, keratinization begins here
stratum granulosum
granule layer, layer where cells lose their nuclei
stratum lucidum
layer that only occurs where skin is thick and hairless, like soles and palms, cells essentially die
stratum corneum
outermost and thickest epidermal layer, made of cornified dead cell remnants
melanin
pigment that is responsible for skin color and ability to tan, ranges in color from yellow to brown to black
melanocytes
special cells that produce melanin in cells
freckles, moles
these occur when melanin is concentrated in one spot on skin