hilum
medial surface regulated by the kidneys.
calyces
beginning of the "plumbing system" of the urniary system, urine leaving the renal papilla is collected in the cuplike structures.
nephron
functional unit of the kidney
glomerules and Bowman' capsule
is a component of the renal corpuscle.
juxtaglomerular apparatus
secretes renin when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole drops.
filtration
substances pass from the glomerulus and into the Bowman's capsule
afferent arteriole
juxtaglomerular cells reside here
renal artery
blood is brought to the kidneys by the
secretion
the movement of molecules out of the peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion.
proximal convoluted tubule
under normal conditions, most water, electrolytes, and nutrients are reasborbed in the
henle loop
is considered a countercurrent structure.
ADH and aldosterone
water loss from the blood is reduced by these
dysuria
painful urination
kidney failure
homeostatic failure, and if not relieved, inevitable death.
hydronephrosis
urine backs up into the kidneys causing swelling of the renal pelvis and calyces.
renal calculi
kidney stones
uremia
final stage of chronic renal failure
neurogenic bladder
involuntary retention of urine with subsequent distention of the bladder.
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and connective tissues of the kidney
acute renal failure
an abrupt reduction in kidney function characterized by oliguria and a sharp rise in nitrogenous compounds in the blood.
chronic renal failure
progressive condition resulting fro gradual loss of nephrons.
renal colic
intense kidney pain caused by destruction of the ureters by large kidney stones.
acute glomerulonephritis
most common form of kidney disease caused by a delayed immune response to streptococcal infection
proteinuria
albumin in the urine.
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra that comonly results from bacterial infection.
dialysis
a process used by the artificial kidney to remove waste materials from the blood.
reabsorption
urine formation allows the blood to retain most body nutrients
external urethral sphincter
voluntary control of micturition is achieved by the action of.
ureter
the structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
glomeruli
capillary loops contained within Bowman's capsule
pyramids
the triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney are
bladder
the trigone is located in the
hematuria
blood in the urine
anuria
absence of urine
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
micturition
urination
oliguria
scanty amount of urine
polyuria
large amount of urine
incontinence
involuntary voiding
proteinuria
large amount of protein in urine
rugae
folds that line the bladder
urethra
passes through prostate gland
BUN
test for renal dysfunction