Primary effect
the first information that we recieve about others
- sterortypes
- shapes our overall impression about them
what is the reason primry effect works
confirmation bias
confirmation bias
we like to confirm our orginial beliefs about an idea so we see it through our original positive negative lense
HANDSHAKE
right hand - power
left hand - desire friendly
PICTURE
stand left = read left - right
interpersonal communications (IPC)
dynamic forn of comm between 2+ people in whoch messages exchanged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships
dynamic means
never chnaging
successful IPC is ...
reciever mindful
transactional model of IPC
simultaneous and continous
noise
barriers to communication:
- physical , semantic, intrapersonal, and interpersoanl
field of experience
culture, background, age, education, mood, finical, security, gender, ect
competent communication
effective
appropriate
accuracy
effective communication
extent to which you achieve your goals in an interaction
-based on our ability to share meaning
appropriate communication
extent to which you fulfilled social expectations for a particular situation
accuracy communication
create joint meaning
-one cannot communicate
person-centered
memorable message
messages (in any form) that have been continuously or subconsciosly incorporated into your worldview.
- impact you rword choice, behvaior, relationshio, decisions, attitudes, ect
cultural messages
specifically "EXPERIENCED" that message
ex of cultural messages
golden rule, holding hands while crossing
social messages
messages from a social group that you belong too
ex of social messages
soccer when u were little, catholic school
psychological messages
messages that are more "one on one" conversations
ex of psychological messages
just do it campagin , national anteam, someone telling u something indivually
the six principles of commication
1. IPC contains content and relational information
2. IPC is irreversible
3. IPC is dynamic
4. IPC is intertwined with ethics
5. IPC can be symmetrical or asymmetrical
6. IPC can be effective or ineffective
whar are the five different ways to think about a message
1. effective
2. misscomunciation
3. attempted com
4. misinterpretation
5. accidental comm
effective
I meant to send a message and the reciever took it in as i meant for them too
miscommunication
i meant to send a message but the reciever did not take it in as i meant it to be recieved
attempted comm
i sent a message that she did not recieve for some reason
misinterpretation
i wave to a friend on the street. a stranger sees it and thinks its for him and waves back
accidental comm
i wave to a friend on the street. a stranger sees it and is about to wave back but relaizes as they raise their hand that it was not meant for them
4 elements to a whole message
observation
opinion
feeling
need
observation
report what sense tell u
- closest to facts
opinion
draw conclusions, make value judgements
feeling
give emotion
need
express what you want or think you want in a given situation
I cant believe u forgot our anniversary again!
feeling:
opinion:
observation:
need:
feeling: im confused
opinion: i have not recieved anything from you im thinking that you forgot
observation: its 9pm on 6/3 the day of our anniersary
need: im gonna need something because u forgot
social construction claim 1
X taken for granted X apprears to be inevitable (X has to be)
social construction claim 2
X have not existed or need not at all (X doesnt have too)
- product of people who interact
3 stages of social construction
externalization
objectivation
internalization
externalization
create cultural products through social interactions
- when created become external to those who produced them
objectivation
products created in the first stage appear to take on a reality of their own, becoming independent of those who created them
- They feel as if the products have an objective existence and they'll become another part of reality to be taken for granted.
Internalization
we learn the supposedly "objective facts" about the cultural products that have been created.
- occurs in socialzation
- In this stage we make these facts part of our consciousness.
- members of the same culture share an understanding of reality and rarel
socialzation
the process of social interaction in which one learns the ways of society and one's specific roles-- the sets of rules and expectations attached to a social position in that society.
Social construction beliefs
1. all knowledge, including the most basic common sense, taken for granted is derived from and maintained by social interactions.
2. When people interact, they do so with the understanding that their respective perceptions of reality are related
3. As the
What we take to be the world importantly depends on how we approach it
true
How we approach it depends on social relationships we are a part of
true
In relationships the world comes to be what it is for us
true
Cultural Imperialism
As we presume the reality and truth of our own beliefs we trample on the realities of others
(opposite of You Do You)
social construction meaning
a product of the people who interact
reality is objectively present and subjectively apprehended
true (know how to connect this statement with ted talks or real life)
it is not a man is masculine speech and a women is feminie speech
true
chacteristics of masculine speech
1. status and control
- give advice
2. instrumentally
- use of speech to discover facts, get info, and suggest a soultion
3. conversational command
- talk more and at greater length than women
4. men are more likely to interrupt to exert control than owme
msculine speech communities
regard talk as a way to exert control, preserve independence, entertain, and enhance status
communication is often seen as ...
a way of proving oneself and negotiating prestige
charcteristics of feminie speech
1. show support for others
- express feelings of sympathy and understanding
2. questions that serve pose for greater understanding of the feelings and perceptions surroundng the subject of talk
3. efforts to sustain conversation by inviting others to spea
feminie speech compare to masculine speech
why are you telling me all this?
feminine speech communities
communications as primarily a way to: establish and maintain relationships
feminie speech:
they engage in conversation to share themseleves and to learn about others; establish equality bt people is important in feminie communication
intensifiers
adv and adj that intensifies the noun or verb being described
- so, quite, such, very
- F 5 to 6x more
"your my very very best friend in the world
hedgers
words like "try, hope, believe, thick, feel, maybe, sort of"
- I was sort of hoping you would meet me for lunch"
- i think the store is two blocks ot the left
discliamers
phrases that come before a statement or question but discount its content of importance
- i know this osunds crazy but....
- what the hell, its my birthday
verbal fillers
words use to fill silence
- like, right, well, ok, you know
M use it to keep talking
F use to show that they care about the relationship
hypercorrection
reminds others of the proper language forms
- you mean lie not lay
- less to do with M/F more to do with job
requests
compund and direct
compound: so the store is closing soon id really sppreciate it if you culd go tothe from and purchase your items if its not too much troble (F)
direct: time to buy your things and leave (M)
tag questions
makign a declarative statement and follow it with a question relating to the same statement
- "its hot in here isnt it
nonverbal communication
the intentional or unintentional transmission of meaning through physical or behvaorial cues
how is nonverbal different from verbal
auditor, visual, tacile
more flexible and ambiguous
governed by fewer rules
more meaningful (65-93% of the message)
kinesics
visible body movement, including fcaial expressions, eye contact, gestures, and body parts
vocalics
vocal characteristics such as loudness, pitch, speech rate, and tone
haptics
duration, placement, and strength of touch
proxemics
use of physical distance / personal space
chronemics
organization and use of time
physcial appearance
appearance of hair, clothing, body type, and other physcial features
artifacts
personal possessions displayed to others / extras
environment
structure of physical suroundings