Evolution
the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations/relies on the process of natural selection
Analogous structure
structures that share a function but don't come from a common ancestor/evolved independently from one another
Homologous structure
a similar organ or bone that appears in different animals who share a common ancestor
Vestigial structure
structures or behaviors that no longer serve a purpose that are left from ancestors who used to use them
Acquired trait
a not heritable characteristic that a living thing gets during its lifetime
Adaptation
a heritable characteristic that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce
Structural adaptations
adaptations of physical characteristics of an organism
Behavioral adaptations
adaptations in things organisms do to survive
Camouflage
adaptations that allows organisms to blend in with their environment
Mimicry
an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object
Natural Selection
the process by which organisms with variations best suited for their local environment survive and have more offspring
Artificial Selection
the intentional reproduction of individuals in a population that have desirable traits
Directional selection
selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over another phenotype
Stabilizing selection
selection in which intermediate forms of a trait are favored as opposed to extreme values
Disruptive selection
selection in which both extreme forms are favored as opposed to intermediate values
Speciation
a population whose members can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring
Reproductive isolation
inability of a species to breed successfully with related species because of geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences
Geographic isolation
creation of a new species due to a physcial barrier
Temporal isolation
species that breed during different times of day, different seasons, or different years
Behavioral isolation
unique behavioral patterns and rituals isolate species/ species can only attract members of the same species
Co
evolution-the process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other
Adaptive Radiation
the process by which a single species or small group of species evolve over a relatively short period of time into different species that live in different ways
Convergent Evolution
evolution produces similar structure and characteristics in distantly related organisms
Divergent Evolution
the process by which groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in the formation of two different species
Gradualism
gradual divergence over long spans of time/ big changes occur as the accumulations of small ones
Punctuated equilibrium
species undergo rapid change when they 1st bud from parent population/long periods of little or no change and the rate of speciation is not constant/ rapid bursts of change
Genetic Drift
variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population
Founder effect
change in the allele frequency as a result of the migration of a small subgroup or population/ random/ by luck
Bottleneck effect
change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of the population/ random/ by luck
Fitness
an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment
Antibiotic Resistance
the ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to resist the effects of an antibiotic to which they were once sensitive to
Paleontology
study of fossils
Biogeography
describes the distribution of species
Embryology
study similar stages of embryonic development
Molecular
compare sequences of proteins and DNA between different species
Comparative
body parts that resemble each other because of common ancestors
What is the Darwin's process called?
natural selection
directional selection
selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over another phenotype
stabilizing selection
selection in which intermediate forms of a trait are favored as opposed to extreme values
disruptive selection
selection in which both extreme forms are favored as opposed to intermediate values
species
a population whose members can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring