Reasons for restraint
Safety (pets, staff, owners) and Control
reasons for aggressive behavior
1. pain
2. fear
3. Dominance
4. Maternal Instinct
Towels or blanket
Remove fractous cat from cage. Throw over head to soop them out. Also good for kitty burrito.
Gauntlets
leather gloves that cover your arm up to your elbow. Disadvantage:loss of tactile function, will not protect from all bites
Feline restraint bag
canvas or nylon. Completely encloses cat body. Never leave unattended as they can roll of the table. Velcrow the haed in first.
Advantages to cat bag
calming, cat cant escape. feet can be accessed for any testing.
Disadvantages of the cat bag
Cat can still bite. Dont get fur stuck in zipper. Can be difficult to get in the bag. Jugular vein is not easilly accessable. Must be washed after each use.
Muzzles
leather, nylon, guase. Used to protect handler from bites. Most cover cats eyes. Should disinfect reusable muzzles between uses.
Cat Nabbler (EZ Nabber)
tool to capture unruly cats. Allows access of IM of SQ injections.
Removal from carrier
Close all escapes. Open carrier. Assesss temperment of cat. May have to dump cat out or dismantle the carrier.
Removal from cage
lift out snug to your body. crade chin or encirlce neck with other hand. Can use a towel or wear gloves if cat is upset.
Carrying a cat
Always control font legs, keep one hand near the scruff just in case. can pet them/
Fetal hold/scruffing
SQ, IM or rectal temp. Grap as much skin as possible cats ears shold move closer together. While in lateral stretch cats back against your forearm.
Dorsal recumbency
Jugular, radiology, and cytocentesis. Sometimes requires two people. Gather front legs or sruff as well as grap the back legs. (can be used for jugular venopuncture w/ towel)
Locations for restraint
Table/counter, floor, exam room, kennel, car/parking lot
Restraint should be safe for:
1. Animal
2. Person restraining
3. Person preforming the procedure
Potential Dangers of restraint for felines
1. Teeth
2. Claws
3. speed
4. agility
Potential Dangers of restraint for canines
1. teeth
2. size and strength
3. willfulness
Behavioral characteristics of nervous, frightened dog - "Fear Biter
1. Head low
2. Hackles raised
3. Tail usually straight out
4. retreats when approached
5. raised hackles
6. curling lip and barring teeth
7. growling
8.snapping
Will bite
whites on eyes showing
Behavioral characteristics of submissive dogs
1. low to the ground
2. ears back
3. tail tucked under body (may wag at tip)
4. Licking, lips pulled back
5. rolls over
6. exposes belly
7. urinates
Behavioral characteristics of normal dogs
1. Well cared for
2. Very sociable
3. Very happy attitude
4. Learned behaviors (sit, stay, etc.)
Usually docile until doing a painful procedure
Behavioral characteristics of dominant dogs
1. alert expression
2. direct stare
3. ear forwarding
4.tail erect
5. body hard with wide stare
Will bite
Types of restraint
1. Verbal - sit, stay, etc.
2. Physical
3. Chemical
Dog restraint equipment
1. Muzzle
2. Gauze or rope
3. Rope leash (slip lead)
4. Capture poles (rabies pole)
5. Towels and blankets
6. Movement limiting devices
Canine types of muzzles
1. Gauze - Tie around muzzle
2. Tape - Fold in half on itself and tie around muzzle
3. Nylon - Eyes out
4. Leather
5. Basket/cage
6. Leash - Wrap around nose
*
NEVER leave a muzzled dog unattended!!! They can't pant and will paw at the muzzle and possibly
What side of the animal should the restrainer stand?
Opposite side of the procedure.
Main concern when removing an animal from an elevated cage
Keep animal from jumping to the floor resulting in possible injury.
What is the cardinal rule of restraint? Why?
Never let the client restrain their own animal.
Clients often do not know the proper restraint techniques.
The veterinarian is liable if the owner is bitten.
Key elements to canine standing restraint
1. Control head - one arm wrapped around neck & had behind ear holding head close to body.
2. Other arm under abdomen, hold close to body to maintain standing position
Canine standing restraint most commonly used for what type of procedure?
1. Physical exams
2. SQ & IM Injections
3. Expressing anal glands, administering enemas, examining limbs
4. Toenail trims
canine sternal restraint most commonly used for what procedures?
1. Check/medicate/clean ears
2. Anything with the eyes
3. Giving oral medication
Key elements of canine sternal recumbency restraint
1. Restrain head
2. Arm behind stifles - gently push forward, causing canine to sit.
3. Maintain control of body and gently push on dogs back while slowly pulling front legs forward until dog is in the sternal positon
4. Place arm over dog and hold close
Key elements of feline sternal recumbency restraint
1. on table, scruff cat w/ dominant hand and use other hand to gently push rear to sitting position
2. lean over cat's back and slide forelimbs down until resting on table
Key elements in canine lateral recumbency
1. Arm over neck and between front legs, grasp leg closest to you
2. other arm over back and grasp hind leg closest to you
3. Lift legs away from you. Slide dog body against yours, allowing dog to come to rest on its side.
4. Secure head using forearm to
key elements in feline lateral recumbency
1. place cat in sternal recumbency. Scruff cat and steady it between arms in other hand. Slide right hand to cat's rear legs, grasping above hocks and keep fingers in between rear legs
2. gently roll animal on its side and stretch out with length of forea
Cephalic Vein puncture for canine
1 Have dog sit; point nose to ceiling
2. Hold behind elbow and thumb over vein
cephalic vein puncture for feline
1. put in sternal recumbency
2. scruff cat, "off the table"
3. cup and angle cat's head away from venipuncture
4. cradle elbow of forelimb with other hand
5. "roll" vein to the top of limb for access
Canine head restraint
Hand at muzzle and base of the ear
Lateral Recumbency is most commonly used for what type of procedure?
1. Urine catheterization
2. Nail trims
3. SQ, IM, and IC Injections
4. Later saphenous vein punctures or catheterization
Three most common vein puncture sites in a dog?
1. Jugular
2. Cephalic
3. lateral Saphenous
Where are the jugular veins located?
Parallel and lateral to the trachea.
key elements in canine jugular
1. hand is reached over dog and mandible is grasped w/ thumb over nose.
2. other hand may be used to hold other side of jaw.
3. head tilted toward handler
4. arm over dog's body
key elements in feline jugular
1. sternal recumbency
2. "off the table"
3. "cup" head (fingers holding jaw, thumb top of head)
4. w/ other hand grasp front legs above elbow
5. extend head up and legs down to expose jugular vein
Where are the cephalic veins located?
Cranial surface of the front leg
How should an Elizabethan collar fit?
It should extend past the nose and be snug around the neck, but not constrictive. Should not be able to pull over ears.
Where are the lateral saphenous veins located?
Laterial surface of hind leg just proximal to the hock
planning the restraint
-reason for restraint
-location
-technique to use
-number and skill of people available
-equipment
-behavior/temperament of animal
femoral vein
inner thighs of hind leg.
calicos and tortoise shells
more likely to be aggressive
white cats
more likely to be blind and deaf
cooperative/friendly cats
soft gaze; eyes forward, posture varies
approaches front of cage/carrier when opened
sniffs outstretched hand
allows interaction
relaxed muscles
mellow
cooperative/fearful cats
retreats back to cage/carrier, pops right at you to find escape route
shifting eyes, sideways or direct
tense muscles; tail and ear position variable
may bat @ hand w/ front claws
slightly anxious
huddles to corner
fearful/aggressive cats
no interaction allowed
swats@ hand, may charge
hiss, spit
deep meowing --> screaming
rigid body
direct stare
tail flicks and thumps
arched back, fluffed tail, hackles raised
signs to look out for in cats
ear position
eyes
pupils
whiskers
hissing
body posture
things to know about cats
'"less is best"
use distraction techniques judiciously
not food motivated
expert in finding escape routes
look out for muscle tension, be ready for escalated event