fast cruise
240 knots, clean, 80%, 1 deg nose down
normal cruise
200 knots, clean, 54%, 0 deg nose
slow cruise
150 knots, clean, 33%, 3.5 deg nose up
normal climb
180 knots, clean, max pwr, 8 deg nose up
terminal route descent
200 knots, clean, 20%, 5 deg nose down
no flap configuration
120 knots, gear down flaps up, 31%, 4 deg nose up
TO flap configuration
120 knots, gear down flaps TO, 42%, 3 deg nose up
landing flap configuration
120 knots, gear down flaps LDG, 52%, 1 deg nose up
When do you complete ops checks
initial departure climb and every 20 min
max climb
140 knots, clean, max pwr, 15 deg nose up
TO procedure
1. 200 ft prior to hold short call tower.
2. Radio, cleared by tower
3. clear left right and up, then lineup checklist,
4. line up on centerline and hold breaks,
5. 30% power, "instruments checked",
6. release breaks, smoothly PCL to max (2-3 sec),
7. 60
How much do you increase rotate speed in gusty conditions
1/2 gust factor up to 10 knots
off airspeed/on altitude correction in level flight
change power, adjust pitch, trim
off airspeed/off altitude correction in level flight
trade speed for altitude or vise versa
on airspeed/off altitude correction in level flight
reduce or add power, allow altitude to change, then return to original power
cruise to climb transition procedure
1. power to max,
2. attitude 12-15 deg nose high,
3. trim
4. as airspeed decreases to 180, lower nose to capture 8 deg nose high,
5. re trim
climb to cruise transition procedure
1. 200 ft prior to level off attitude, begin lowering nose,
2. trim for acceleration,
3. 5 knots prior to cruise airspeed
a. power 54% for normal cruise, 80% for fast,
b. attitude level
c. trim
during climbs greater than -----ft, ---- should be used to clear traffic
1000, TCAS
During climbs and descents, the -------- --------- becomes the nose attitude crosscheck instrument. When leveling off from a climb or descent, the ----- and ------- become the nose attitude crosscheck instruments.
airspeed indicator, altimeter, VSI
cruise to descent transition procedure
1. power reduce to 20%,
2. attitude 5 deg nose low (en route descent),
3. trim for power reduction
4. retrim
descent to cruise transition procedure
100ft prior to level off altitude, simultaneously:
1. power 54% for normal, 80% for fast cruise,
2. attitude raise nose,
3. trim for power addition,
4. retrim
turn pattern procedure
1. establish straight and level on heading,
2. clear area, turn on 90 deg turn with 30 AOB, clear other direction and flow into opposite 90 deg turn.
3. clear area, then reverse into 180deg turn at 45AOB. Clear and flow into opposite 180,
4. clear then do
level speed change sequence
normal cruise (200), downwind (120), landing flap (110), normal cruise (200)
level speed change procedure
1. cruise configuration at any heading.
2. reduce power to idle, trim for deceleration, when airspeed below 150, drop gear.
3. at 120 power to 31%, maintain 120.
4. stablalize and trim for downwind.
5. lower landing flaps, as airspeed approaches 110, powe
define kinesthesia
sense of change in direction or speed of motion
What happens with respect to feeling as stall approaches
lose control effectiveness
3 Cs before stall maneuvers
configuration, checklist, clear area
recovery from stall maneuvers must be above...
6000ft AGL
What defines energy level
airspeed (kinetic energy) and altitude (potential energy)
What three things manipulate energy level
power, drag, g-loading
With the canopy bow on the horizon and max power, what ratio can be accomplished by exchanging altitude for airspeed?
1000ft for 50 knots
optimum energy level in MOA
180-200 knots midway between altitude limits
3 methods of decreasing energy
low power, speed brake, increased AOA (G-loading)
best method to gain energy
climb 140-160 knots at max power
slow flight (SCATSAFE) procedure
1. configuration: slow below 150, drop gear (above 6000ft agl)
2. before landing and pre stalling checklist
3. clear area.
4. lower landing flaps, reduce airspeed to 80 knots (15 units), 45% torque
rudders for coordination exerciser during slow flight SCATSAFE
4 inches right pedal for righ turn, .5 in right pedal for left turn
AOB for coordination exercise during slow flight
15-20
AOB for adverse yaw exercise in slow flight
20 deg
AOB used for steep turns in slow flight
60 deg
when is a power-on-stall maneuver complete
positive rate of climb
For a power-on-stall, an entry speed of --- knots results in ---- to ---- ft altitude gain
150, 1500, 2000
power-on-stall procedure
1. configuration: clean, above 6000ft agl.
2. prestaling, spinning, aero checklist.
3. clear area.
4. power to 30-60%. nose 15-40 deg nose up.
5. increase stick backpressure until uncommanded nose drop or roll.
6. RELAX stick, MAX power, LEVEL wings, cent
best clean glide
125 knots with 1350-1500fpm sink rate
Power-off stall procedure (ELP)
1. configure slow cruise above 6000ft agl.
2. checklist.
3. clear area.
4. wings level. If at or below 150 reduce power to 4-6% and capture 125. If above 150, zoom glide first.
5. as approaching 125, lower nose to 125 knot glide attitude (horizon bisects
altitude loss in ELP stall
800ft
landing pattern stall procedure
1. configuration downwind.
2. checklist.
3. clear area.
4. transition to 180 and make simulated approach turn
5. raise nose 5-10 deg high, power to idle, AOB 20-45 deg, increase backstick pressure
6. recover at first indication of stall
rate of descent in full slip
2000fpm
how to initiate slip in a turn
lower inboard wing, increase top rudder
max speed where full rudder deflection is allowed in a slip
150knots
2 factors that must be present for a spin
stall and yaw
3 phases of spin
post stall gyrations, incipient spin, steady state spin
how to recover from post-stall gyrations
inadvertent departure from controlled flight procedure
Incipient spin phase lasts - turns. After completing the initial turn, the nose will pitch up to -- deg with pitch attitude becoming --------
2, 60, oscillatory
steady state spin characteristics
2-3 sec per turn, alt loss of 400-500 ft per turn, aoa 18, airspeed 120-135
Spins may be performed over an undercast cloud layer that does not exceed...
4500ft agl
spin entry procedure
1. configuration slow cruise (below 22,000ft recovered above 10000ft, min entry alt 13,500ft)
2. checklist.
3. clear area. clearing turn.
4. roll out of clearing turn. power to idle.
5. raise nose 30 deg above horizon. acknowledge gear warning horn.
6. at
incipient spin recovery
pcl - idle
controls - neutral
altitude - check
recover from unusual attitude
(inadvertent departure from controlled flight)
steady state spin recovery procedure
1. at spin entry, look inside for stalled AOA, 120-135 knots, turn needle pegged.
2. full opposite rudder, smooth forward stick (hold until rotation stops).
3. neutralize controls.
4. wings level.
5. smooth pull out with Gs.
6. after straight and level, c
fast cruise
240 knots, clean, 80%, 1 deg nose down
normal cruise
200 knots, clean, 54%, 0 deg nose
slow cruise
150 knots, clean, 33%, 3.5 deg nose up
normal climb
180 knots, clean, max pwr, 8 deg nose up
terminal route descent
200 knots, clean, 20%, 5 deg nose down
no flap configuration
120 knots, gear down flaps up, 31%, 4 deg nose up
TO flap configuration
120 knots, gear down flaps TO, 42%, 3 deg nose up
landing flap configuration
120 knots, gear down flaps LDG, 52%, 1 deg nose up
When do you complete ops checks
initial departure climb and every 20 min
max climb
140 knots, clean, max pwr, 15 deg nose up
TO procedure
1. 200 ft prior to hold short call tower.
2. Radio, cleared by tower
3. clear left right and up, then lineup checklist,
4. line up on centerline and hold breaks,
5. 30% power, "instruments checked",
6. release breaks, smoothly PCL to max (2-3 sec),
7. 60
How much do you increase rotate speed in gusty conditions
1/2 gust factor up to 10 knots
off airspeed/on altitude correction in level flight
change power, adjust pitch, trim
off airspeed/off altitude correction in level flight
trade speed for altitude or vise versa
on airspeed/off altitude correction in level flight
reduce or add power, allow altitude to change, then return to original power
cruise to climb transition procedure
1. power to max,
2. attitude 12-15 deg nose high,
3. trim
4. as airspeed decreases to 180, lower nose to capture 8 deg nose high,
5. re trim
climb to cruise transition procedure
1. 200 ft prior to level off attitude, begin lowering nose,
2. trim for acceleration,
3. 5 knots prior to cruise airspeed
a. power 54% for normal cruise, 80% for fast,
b. attitude level
c. trim
during climbs greater than -----ft, ---- should be used to clear traffic
1000, TCAS
During climbs and descents, the -------- --------- becomes the nose attitude crosscheck instrument. When leveling off from a climb or descent, the ----- and ------- become the nose attitude crosscheck instruments.
airspeed indicator, altimeter, VSI
cruise to descent transition procedure
1. power reduce to 20%,
2. attitude 5 deg nose low (en route descent),
3. trim for power reduction
4. retrim
descent to cruise transition procedure
100ft prior to level off altitude, simultaneously:
1. power 54% for normal, 80% for fast cruise,
2. attitude raise nose,
3. trim for power addition,
4. retrim
turn pattern procedure
1. establish straight and level on heading,
2. clear area, turn on 90 deg turn with 30 AOB, clear other direction and flow into opposite 90 deg turn.
3. clear area, then reverse into 180deg turn at 45AOB. Clear and flow into opposite 180,
4. clear then do
level speed change sequence
normal cruise (200), downwind (120), landing flap (110), normal cruise (200)
level speed change procedure
1. cruise configuration at any heading.
2. reduce power to idle, trim for deceleration, when airspeed below 150, drop gear.
3. at 120 power to 31%, maintain 120.
4. stablalize and trim for downwind.
5. lower landing flaps, as airspeed approaches 110, powe
define kinesthesia
sense of change in direction or speed of motion
What happens with respect to feeling as stall approaches
lose control effectiveness
3 Cs before stall maneuvers
configuration, checklist, clear area
recovery from stall maneuvers must be above...
6000ft AGL
What defines energy level
airspeed (kinetic energy) and altitude (potential energy)
What three things manipulate energy level
power, drag, g-loading
With the canopy bow on the horizon and max power, what ratio can be accomplished by exchanging altitude for airspeed?
1000ft for 50 knots
optimum energy level in MOA
180-200 knots midway between altitude limits
3 methods of decreasing energy
low power, speed brake, increased AOA (G-loading)
best method to gain energy
climb 140-160 knots at max power
slow flight (SCATSAFE) procedure
1. configuration: slow below 150, drop gear (above 6000ft agl)
2. before landing and pre stalling checklist
3. clear area.
4. lower landing flaps, reduce airspeed to 80 knots (15 units), 45% torque
rudders for coordination exerciser during slow flight SCATSAFE
4 inches right pedal for righ turn, .5 in right pedal for left turn
AOB for coordination exercise during slow flight
15-20
AOB for adverse yaw exercise in slow flight
20 deg
AOB used for steep turns in slow flight
60 deg
when is a power-on-stall maneuver complete
positive rate of climb
For a power-on-stall, an entry speed of --- knots results in ---- to ---- ft altitude gain
150, 1500, 2000
power-on-stall procedure
1. configuration: clean, above 6000ft agl.
2. prestaling, spinning, aero checklist.
3. clear area.
4. power to 30-60%. nose 15-40 deg nose up.
5. increase stick backpressure until uncommanded nose drop or roll.
6. RELAX stick, MAX power, LEVEL wings, cent
best clean glide
125 knots with 1350-1500fpm sink rate
Power-off stall procedure (ELP)
1. configure slow cruise above 6000ft agl.
2. checklist.
3. clear area.
4. wings level. If at or below 150 reduce power to 4-6% and capture 125. If above 150, zoom glide first.
5. as approaching 125, lower nose to 125 knot glide attitude (horizon bisects
altitude loss in ELP stall
800ft
landing pattern stall procedure
1. configuration downwind.
2. checklist.
3. clear area.
4. transition to 180 and make simulated approach turn
5. raise nose 5-10 deg high, power to idle, AOB 20-45 deg, increase backstick pressure
6. recover at first indication of stall
rate of descent in full slip
2000fpm
how to initiate slip in a turn
lower inboard wing, increase top rudder
max speed where full rudder deflection is allowed in a slip
150knots
2 factors that must be present for a spin
stall and yaw
3 phases of spin
post stall gyrations, incipient spin, steady state spin
how to recover from post-stall gyrations
inadvertent departure from controlled flight procedure
Incipient spin phase lasts - turns. After completing the initial turn, the nose will pitch up to -- deg with pitch attitude becoming --------
2, 60, oscillatory
steady state spin characteristics
2-3 sec per turn, alt loss of 400-500 ft per turn, aoa 18, airspeed 120-135
Spins may be performed over an undercast cloud layer that does not exceed...
4500ft agl
spin entry procedure
1. configuration slow cruise (below 22,000ft recovered above 10000ft, min entry alt 13,500ft)
2. checklist.
3. clear area. clearing turn.
4. roll out of clearing turn. power to idle.
5. raise nose 30 deg above horizon. acknowledge gear warning horn.
6. at
incipient spin recovery
pcl - idle
controls - neutral
altitude - check
recover from unusual attitude
(inadvertent departure from controlled flight)
steady state spin recovery procedure
1. at spin entry, look inside for stalled AOA, 120-135 knots, turn needle pegged.
2. full opposite rudder, smooth forward stick (hold until rotation stops).
3. neutralize controls.
4. wings level.
5. smooth pull out with Gs.
6. after straight and level, c