early stages of speech development
reflexive crying and vegetative noises, cooing and laughing, vocal play, canonical babbling, jargon
reflexive crying and vegetative
non speech sounds such as gurgling
birth - 2months
cooing and laughing
initial vocalized speech sounds
2-4months
vocal play
the transition to prodcution of speech sounds in which a variety of different consonants and vowel sounds are produced - includes the expansion stage during which the infant produces an increasing variety of speech sounds and begins stringing a series of
canonical babbling
reduplicated= similar strings of syllables (bababa) CV
non reduplicated= strings of variegated syllables (badidago) CVC
6m - 1y (first word)
jargon
strings of babbled uterances containing intonation, rhythm and pauses (the prosody of language) often with eye contact and gestures
10m +
phonemic awareness
ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes in single words
phonological awareness
understanding of the sound/phonological structure of a spoken word in contrast to written words
three components: syllable awareness, onset-rime awareness, and phoneme awareness
syllable awareness
knowledge that a word can be divided into parts (syllables)
includes: identification, matching, completion, segmentation, blending and substitution
I MET CONNOR SMITH BY SUBWAY
onset-rime awareness
knowledge that words share a common ending part but different initial sounds
includes: judgement, oddity, and generation
JOG
judgement
discriminating paried words that rhyme and dont rhyme
oddity
identifying the non rhyming word from a set
generation
producing a rhyming word when given a model/set
phoneme
smallest unit of speech sound production
phonetics
study of speech, emphasizing the description and classification of speech sounds according to their production transmission and perceptual features
phonological processes
developmentally based error patterns. certain patterns are typical at certain ages and are noticeably consistent.
speech
communication or expression in spoken words
fluency
speech flow (rate/rhythm)
voice
vocal parameters of speech (quality, pitch, intensity, resonance)
articulation
grounded in SPEECH MOTOR THEORY
phoneme perception, phoneme production, and phoneme development
phonology
grounded in LINGUISTIC THEORY
set of sounds contained within a language
rules for combining speech sounds in syllables words and sentences, phonological development.
motor speech theory
complex motor speech act - a specific set of neurologically planned, coordinated and sequentially timed motor movements, for a specific speech production at the phoneme, syllable, word, phrase, and multi phrase levels.
linguistic theory
focus on speech production as a function of the sound system of language and its rule system
involves: underlying rule system for speech production, comprehension and expression of speech
respiratory system
produces airstream. lungs are primary, but rely on the interaction of the diaphragm and airways.
laryngeal system
produces the "noise" for speech. vocal folds vibrate (adducting & abducting) as the airstream moves through.
articulatory system
shapes the "noise" of speech. Oral pharyngeal, and nasal cavities, interacting with varied configurations of the lips, teeth, tongue, palate, velum, and cheeks.
bilabials
p,b,m,w
labiodental
f,v
interdental
? (thought), ? (this)
lingua-alveolar
t,n,d
palato-alveolar
s, z, t? , d?, l, j
palatal
? (sh), ? (zh), r
velar
g, k, h, ?
plosive/stop
short bursts of energy; complete brief restriction of airway with abrupt release - p, b, d, t, k, g
nasal
sound produced through the nose - m, n, ?
fricative/strident
continuous sound, incomplete restriction of the airway - f, v, s, z, ?, ?, h
affricate
combination of a plosive + fricative - t?, d?
liquid
voicing and limited restriction of airflow - l, r
glide
voicing and tongue movement with limited restriction of airflow - j, w
voiced
b, d, g, m, n, ?, v, z, ?, d?� ?, l, r, j, w
voiceless
p, t, k, f, s, ?, ?, t?, h
deaf babies dont produce
canonical babbling
echolalia
usually is relation to autism spectrum disorder
9-12 months - later in babbling stage