Veterinary Pharmacology - FINAL DRUGS

Acepromazine - PromAce, Atravet

Combination drug; Sedative, Tranquilizer, Pain Relieving and Anxiety Calming.
Phenothiazine derivative antipsychotic drug.
Used for Sedative and Antiemetic. ALPHA 1 inhibitor. Antiarrhythmic, and Antihistamine.
Cause CNS depression and analgesia.
May or m

Acetaminophen - Tylenol

Nonnarcotic Analgesic NSAID.
Oral analgesic, reduces fever by effect on hypothalamus of the brain.
Combined with Codeine = Hydrocodone.
**Contraindicated in felines cause profound toxicity. Cats lack enzyme to process.
SE: Liver and kidney dysfunction.
Ov

Albon - Sulfadimethoxine

Anti-coccidian.
Reduces the spread by reducing number of oocytes shed.

Amikacin - Amikin, Amiglyde-V

Aminoglycoside antibiotic - Bacteria.
Antibiotics derived from various species of Streptomyces Microbes.
Bacterium unable to synthesize proteins, unable to grow.
Treat gram-negative bacteria.
Mainly injectable forms.
Short term treatment; various skin, so

Aminoglycoside antibiotic - Bacteria Drugs

cin ending.
Gentamicin - Gentocin = small animals and exotics.
Amikacin - Amiglyde-V = avians and exotics.
Kanamycin.
Streptomycin = swine & large animals.
Tobramycin = used for Pseudomonas eye only.
Neomycin - Biosol = topical treatment.

Broad-Spectrum Penicillin's
- Beta-Lactam Antibiotics -

All penicillin's kill susceptible bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis.
Treat gram negative bacteria.
Amoxicillin (Clavamox),
Ampicillin,
Carbenicillin,
Ticarcillin and
Piperacillin.
*excreted by kidneys.

Amoxicillin - Amoxil (Clavamox)
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics -

Gram-negative bacteria.
Bactericidal aminopencillin with same spectrum as ampicillin.
Kill susceptible bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis.
It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better-absorbed, following oral admini

Ampicillin - Polyflex
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics -

Used for Bactericidal infections in dogs and cats.
Is able to last longer, resist stomach acid, and kill some gram-negative bacteria as well as the gram-positive bacteria.
It is often used to prevent and treat infections found in cuts and wounds, the mout

Apomorphine - Apokyn

Opioid, Emetic C-V
Synthetic that stimulates the chemoreceptor -dopamine receptors that trigger zone in the brain stem to induce vomiting. ?Increase Parasympathic system
Non-selective dopamine agonist.
Vomiting occurs rapidly 5-10min given peripherally, 1

Aspirin - Acetylsalicylic Acid

Salicylate Drug, NSAID
Often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication.
Also has an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting the production of thromboxane.
Potent inhibitor of

Atropine

Anti-cholinergic ***Parasympathic
Anti-muscarinic
Preanesthetic - used to prevent mucus secretions of respiratory.
Treat - Bradycardia, sinoatrial arrest incomplete AV block, Hyperrealism, Branch constrictive disease.
EMERGENCY drug for Bradycardia.
? Sal

Carprofin - Rimadyl

NSAID
Propionic Acid Derivatives
Often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication.
Inhibition/blocks of cyclooxygenase.
CAUTION with patients with preexisting chronic di

Cephalexin - Keflex, Kelfin

1st generation of Cephalosporin.
Active against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.
Used for susceptible Staphylococcus Aureus- Bacteria.
Treat a number of bacterial infections, including: middle ear infections, strep throat, bone and

Chloramphenicol - Duricol, Viceton

Broad spectrum Antibiotic.
Against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including most anaerobic organisms.
Anaerobic in small animals and horses.
Bacteriostatic Antibiotic.
CAUTION preexisting hematologic disorders, pregnancy, neon

Banamine - Flunixin Meglumine

NSAID
Analgesic and antipyretic in horses, cattle and pigs.
Horses; treats, colic pain, muscle, joint, fever and prevent endotoxemia.
Cattle; fever (bovine respiratory disease), pyrexia (fever), mastitis.
Swine; fevers/respiratory disease.
CAUTION - ok to

Baytril - Enrofloxacin

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic.
Antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Believed to act by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase, preventing DNA supercoiling/synthesis.
Treats; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E'Coli, Sal

Butorphanol - Torbutrol, Torbugesic, Stadol

Synthetic Opioid, Agonist. C-IV
Sedative and analgesic in dogs, cats and horses.
May be combined with tranquilizers such as alpha-2 agonist; Benzodiazepines, Acepromazine for dogs.
Potent Antitussive.
Analgesic and preanesthetic in dogs, cats, horses.
Com

Cimetidine - Tagamet

Histamine? Blocker
H? Receptor Antagonist.
Acid reflux by competitively blocking the H? receptors of cell in stomach.
SE: Rare, diarrhea.
CAUTION Geriatric patients, Hepatic, Renal insufficiency.
Crosses placenta.

Chlorpromazine - Thorazine

Phenothiazine Derivatives.
Sedative, Antiemetic.
Preoperative medication
Tranquilizer.
Inhibiting dopamine in the CRTZ, decreasing the stimulation to vomit.
Lower seizure threshold.
Cause vasodilation and hypotension, cardiac rate, abnormalities, Hypo and

Clavamox - Amoxicillin

Aminopenicillin.
Broad Spectrum Penicillin.
Kills Susceptible bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis - stops growth.
Bactericidal Aminopenicillin with beta-lactamase inhibitor.
Treats; UTI, skin & soft tissue, canine periodontal disease, wounds,

Clomipramine - Anafranil

Tricyclic Antidepressant.
Separation anxiety or other forms of anxiety,
Feline urination - house soiling.
OCD, Dominance aggression.
SE: retention of urine/difficulty passing urine, reduced GI, increased eye pressure, heart rhythm disturbance, vomiting, d

Cyclosporine - Atopica, Neoral, Optimmune

Immunosuppressive - Topical Ophthalmic - Eye
Fungal derived protein that modulates T-lymphocyte activity, may be useful in late phase of allergic response in feline asthma.
T-cells orchestrate most chronic immune responses, cyclosporine has broad anti-inf

Dexamethasone - Dexasone Azium

Glucocorticoid LONG acting corticosteroids
Antitussives - work by affecting cough centers of brain stem.
Anti-inflammatory / Oral or Inhalation.
Resemble a naturally occurring hormone produced in the adrenal cortex, cortisol.
Various inflammatory conditio

Diazepam - Valium

Benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, sedative, tranquilizer. C-IV
Inhibitory of neurotransmitter (hypothalamus).
Hyper polarizing the membrane potential raising seizure threshold in the motor cortex.
Treats; Seizures, sedation prior to cardio version, antianxi

Digitalis - Foxglove, Lanoxin, Cardoxin

Increases contraction strength of the heart.
? Increase the myocardial contraction-which ? increase cardiac output and is a Positive inotropic effect (increase AV node) and Slow electrical activity in the heart which ? decreases HR which is a Negative chr

Diltiazem - Cardizem, Dilacor

Calcium Channel Blocker, Calcium Antagonist
Inhibits Calcium Ion Influx Across Cell Membranes During Cardiac Depolarization.
? Decreases SA and AV Conduction and Dilates Coronary & Peripheral Arteries & Arterioles
-Clinical: ? Slows The Rapid Ventricular

Diphenhydramine - Benadryl

Antihistamine, Anti Cholinergic.
Inhibit histamine H receptors.
? Increase bronchoconstriction, ? increases heart, ? increase GI motion.
Treats; asthma, heaves-motion sickness - inner ear problems, vomiting, antiemetic, allergic reactions, and sedation.
S

Doxycycline - Vibramycin, Doxy Caps

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic family Tetracycline.
Treat gram positive bacteria.
Bacterial infections including, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, mycoplasma, psittacosis, and tick borne diseases including Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, and Rocky Mountain spotted fe

DMSO Dimethly Sulfoxide - Domoso

Free Radical Scavenger Topical, IV
Anti-inflammatory, Cryopreservative, Anti-ischemic, Radio protective effect.
Reduces acute swelling due to trauma, muscle soreness.
CNS trauma, cerebral edema, skin ulcers, wounds, burns.
USE GLOVES - penetrates skin (ga

Diphenoxylate - Lomotil

Opiate Agonist, Anticholinergic C-V
Atropine combined = antidiarrheal for dogs
Opiate GI motility modifier in dogs for diarrhea.
Antitussive properties.
SE: doziness, constipation, and bloating.

DSS Dolasetron Mesylate - Anzemet

Antiemetic
Selective serotonin (5-HT 3 ) receptor antagonist that inhibits serotonin receptors in the GI tract and chemoreceptor zone.
Used for severe nausea, vomiting. Chemotherapy.
Can cause ECG changes.
Contraindications; hypersensitivity to drug,

EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

Aminopolycarboxylic acid and a colorless, water-soluble solid.
Used for lead poisoning.
SE: vomiting, diarrhea, and renal toxicity.

Enalapril - Enacard, Vasotec

Angiotensin - Converting enzyme, ACE Inhibitor
Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to II.
Vasodilation in treatment of heart failure, hypertension - high blood pressure, chronic renal failure, protein losing nephropathies.
Benefits - heart beats more effi

Enrofloxacin - Baytril

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic - Liquid
Effective against a variety of pathogens.
Activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including those causing dermal, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.
NOT effective against anaerobic.
Restr

Epsiprantel - Cestex

Antiparasitic agent, Cestocidal
Oral medication used to treat tapeworm infections in dogs and cats.
The drug paralyzes the TAPEWORMS causing it to lose its attachment to the host's (pet's) intestine and also causing the tapeworm to become susceptible to d

Fenbendazole - Panacur, Safe Guard

Antiparasitic agent
Broad spectrum Benzimidazole anthelmintic used against gastrointestinal parasites including: GIARDIA, ROUNDWORMS, HOOKWORMS,WHIPWORMS, PINWORMS, STRONGYLES, but not common tapeworms.
Kills parasites by disrupting their energy metabolis

Fentanyl - Duragesic

Transdermal patch Opiate CII
Used in pre-procedures as a pain reliever as well as an anesthetic in combination with a benzodiazepine.
SE: respiratory depress - not breathing adequately, rare symptoms of weakness, drowsiness

Furosemide - Lasix

Loop Diuretic
Used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema
Race Horses reduces EIPH, exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage, capillaries in longs breaking.
SE: cause low potassium levels (hypokalemia) has given rise to combination products,

Griseofulvin - Fulvicin

Antifungal agent
Effective against the common dermatophytes; dermal fungi, skin, hair, and nails. Ultramicrosize forms.
SE: Rare but can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity. Impaired liver values possible. Toxic in cats.
Contraindicated in pr

Halothane - Flouthane

General Anesthetic (loss of sensation)
Classic inhalant, interferes with functioning of nerve cells in the brain matrix of the membrane.
CAUTION = Hepatic function, impairment, cardiac arrhythmia, increase CSF, head injury after thenia gravis, pheochromoc

Heparin - Unfractionated Heparin

Anticoagulant IV or SQ only
Protamine Sulfate Antidote for Heparin
Derived from Bovine or Porcine tissues, naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that is found in mast cells.
Used in a variety of medical conditions where there is excessive clotting or incr

Hydrocodone - Tussigon Hycodan

Opiate Agonist C-III
Antitussive in dogs, Oral analgesic for moderate pain, cough secondary, collapse trachea, bronchitis, canine upper respirator (kennel cough CIT), viral lung infection, harsh dry cough.
SE: drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation an

Hydrocortisone - Dermacor, Lanacort....

Mild topical corticosteroid.
Topical steroid cram or ointment.
Used for mild inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis. Nappy rash in babies, if prescribed. Insect bites.
SE: rare

Isoproterenol - Isuprel

Beta-Adrenergic Agonist
Synthetic Beta? Beta? adrenergic agonist.
Used to treat certain heart problems, circulatory disorders, and bronchospasm.
? Increases the heart rate, relaxes muscles in the airways and stomach, and dilates blood vessels. These actio

Kelfin - Cephalexin

Antibiotic - susceptible pathogens (usually bacterial.)
Treat bacterial infections of the skin, urinary tract, respiratory tract, bones, and joints
Cephalexin is a cephalosporin antibiotic. Cephalosporin antibiotics suppress the growth of micro-organisms

Ketamine - Ketaset, Ketafro, Vetalar

Dissociative General Anesthetic.
Emergency Drug
Anesthetic, Pain Control.
Disrupts CNS thru over stimulated inducing cataleptic state.
Inhibit GABA may block serotonin norepinephrine, dopamine in CNS.
CONTRA = Blood loss, malignant hyperthermia, increased

Levothyroxine - Soloxine

Thyroid Hormone for hypothyroidism. Deficiency of T? and T?.
Provides synthetic crystalline levothyroxine sodium (L-thyroxine).
? Increases gluconeogenesis protein synthesis.
CONTRA = Acute Myocardial infarction, Thyrotoxicosis untreated adrenal insuffici

Lidocaine - Xylocaine

Antiarrhythmic, (counteracting or preventing cardiac arrhythmia, or an abnormal irregularity of the heartbeat), Local anesthetic.
Emergency treatment Ventricular Arrthymias.
Prepared for IV administration; treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. It can be admin

Lorazepam - Ativan

Benzodiazepine **same family as Diazepam/Valium C-IV
Treats; antianxiety, sedative, and anticonvulsant effects, reaction of seizure activity.
Nearly white powder almost insoluble in water, administered IM or IV.
CONTRA = Hypersensitivity, respiration. Beh

Mannitol - Mannite, Manna Sugar

Osmotic Diuretic
Used to promote diuresis (? higher urine production) in acute Oliguric kidney failure (no urine is being produced), to ? decrease pressure in the eyes (as in glaucoma), or on the brain, to ? increase the excretion of some toxins through t

Marbofloxacin - Zeniquin

Fluoroquinolone broad spectrum Antibiotic against pathogens.
NOT effective against anaerobic.
Used against gram, bacilli, cocci, gram & bacteria.
Works by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication.
Infections associated with bacteria susceptible to marbofloxac

Methocarbomal - Robaxin

Muscle relaxant to treat muscle spasms for dog, cat, horses.
Treat pets with disk disease (slipped disk).
Also, permethrin poisoning in cats.
DON'T GIVE SQ.
SE: dizziness, spinning sensation, drowsiness, dark urine, drooling and vomiting.

Metoclopramide - Reglan

GI Prokinetic agent.
Antiemetic; Parvo, uremic, gastritis. Except cats.
Helps the vomiting patient by normalizing stomach motility and acting directly on the brain to reduce the sensation of nausea.
Crosses placenta, enter milk. Avoid pseudo pregnancy.
SE

Omeprazole - Gastrogard, Prilosec

Proton Pump Inhibitor.
Antiulcer, gastric acid pump inhibitor.
Treat and prevent ulcers in stomach and upper intestines.
SE: lack of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, blood changes, urinary tract infections, protein in the urine, or nervous system

Oxacillin - Bactocill, Oxacillin Sodium ADD-Vantage

Antibiotic - Penicillin family
Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillin.
Treats bone, skin, soft tissue infection when Penicillin is resistant. **Staff infections!!
SE: Hypersensitivity reactions; local reactions (phlebitis, thrombophlebitis); renal, hepatic, or ne

Oxymorphone - Numorphan

Opiate Agonist - Emergency CII
Analgesic agent. Acts on opioid receptors in CNS.
Agonist at mu receptors.
Sedation, preanesthetic, used for severe pain - trauma, longer term relief of osteosarcoma.
Works on pain receptors in lumbar systems, spinal cord, a

Oxytocin - Pitocin

Mammalian neurohypophysial hormone. Produced by the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
Acts primarily as a neuromodulator in the brain.
Use in multiple animal species to increase uterine contractions and/or milk letdown

Morphine -

Opiate Agonist. C-II
Binds the mu-, and kappa-opioid receptors and the newly discovered nociceptin receptors in the brain and spinal cord and the delta-receptors in the brain, as well as mu-receptors in the intestinal tract.
Treat moderate to severe pain,

Nandrolone - Decanoate, Durabolin

Parenteral Anabolic Steroid (Inj).
Injectable anabolic steroid, stimulate erythropoiesis or stimulate appetite.
Anabolic steroids have been reported to increase low-density lipoproteins and decrease high-density lipoproteins. These changes revert to norma

Naloxone - Narcan

Opiate Antagonist synthetic congener of Oxymorphone - Antidote of opiates. INJ
Emergency drug. = Parasympathetic sys.
Binds mu receptors, antagonizes opioid effects by competing for the mu, kappa, and sigma opiate receptor sites in the CNS, with the great

Penicillin - Penicillin G �

Beta-lactam Antibiotic.
Treatment and prevention of bacterial infections, binds to several enzymes within bacterial cytoplasmic membrane synthesis.
Very effective against gram-positive bacteria, but didn't last long and was susceptible to stomach acid so

Pentobarbital - Nembutal Sodium

Barbiturate and antiseizure medication. C-II
Used for short-term control of status epilepticus, cluster seizures (multiple seizures in a short amount of time) in dogs. Also used for similar seizures in cats. Inhalation - sedation agent.
Euthanasia drug us

Phenobarbital - Luminal �, Barbita �

Anticonvulsant Emergency Drug
Used for seizures. Controls epilepsy in your pet.
? Decreases and stabilizes neuron activity, decreasing the amount of seizures your pet experiences. Neurotransmitters, or brain chemicals, control the brain activity and pheno

Phenylbutazone

NSAID and Cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
A potent pain reliever, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory, and fever reducing effects.
Horse, it is used commonly for lameness, resulting from soft-tissue injury, muscle soreness, bone and joint problems, and laminitis.

Phenylpropanolamine - PPA, Proin

Alpha and beta Adrenergic agent
Sympathomimetic.
Acts as an alpha-adrenergic receptor and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist as well as a dopamine receptor D1 partial agonist.
Indication = Urinary incontinence
Increases urethral tone, control leakage of uri

Piperazine - Pipa Tabs

Antiparasitic, Ascarios, Anthelmintic.
Anthelmintics are used in the treatment of worm infections.
Treats round worms - spaghetti, Ascariasis. Pinworms, enterobiasis, oxyuriasis.
Paralyzing or Necrotizing worm to allow it to pass.
SE: ? deceased appetite,

Potassium Bromide - K-Bro Vet

Anticonvulsant.
Treats; seizure, promotes healthy liver values.
Typical ionic salt, is fully dissociated and near pH 7 in aqueous solution. It serves as a source of bromide ions. motes healthy kidney functioning.
SE: extreme sedation, incoordination, loss

Praziquantal - Droncit

Anticestodal, Antiparasitic/Anthelminthic.
Treats; tapeworm, double pore tapeworm.
Works by damaging the parasite's skin internally so the parasite disintegrates and is removed by the pet's immune system.
SE: while rare, may include vomiting, loss of appe

Prednisolone & Prednisone

Synthetic Glucocorticoid/, a Derivative of Cortisol, Steroid.
Used to treat a variety of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions.
Immunosuppressant drug. Especially Px with hepatic failure.
Cancer, Addison's disease and Nervous system disorders.
SE: incre

Progesterone

Hormone
Cream, capsule or injectable.
Mammary gland enlargement in cats.
Synchronization Breeding, Maternal behavior problems in female cats, Increased fertility in embryo transfer protocol.
Increased GnRH from the hypothalamus = negative feedback. Induce

Pyrantel Palmoate - Nemex, Strongid

Anthelmintic Agent. Pinworm, hookworms and roundworms.
Works by paralyzing the nervous system of intestinal parasites (worms). The parasite is then passed in the stool.
SE: not many, V - even safe for pregnant and nursing pets.
CONTRA = Liver problems

Quinidine - Qunidex

Antiarrhythmic - similar to Procainamide
Used in small animals and horses to treat atrial fibrillation and tachycardia.
Primarily works by blocking the fast inward sodium current (INa).
? Increases the fibrillation threshold in the atria.
Motion of action

Ranitidine - Zantac

Antagonist H? receptor/blockers. Acid reducer in stomach.
Similar to Cimetidine.
Structural analogs of histamine, commonly used to treat GI ulcers, erosive gastritis, esophagitis, and gastric reflux, stomach pain, diarrhea, and loss of appetite.
Excreted

Streptomycin

Aminoglycosides.
Antibiotic, anti-mycobacterial, produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces griseus.
Used pesticide, growth bacteria, fungi, algae.
Treats Tuberculosis TB,
SE: Fever, rashes, tinnitus, vertigo, and ataxia.

Sulfadimethoxine - Albon

Antimicrobial Sulfonamide.
Treats coccidian, antibiotic of the sulfonamide class.
Horses = Streptococcus Equine,
Cattle = shipping fever. Calf diphtheria, bacterial, pneumonia, foot rot.
Prevents bacterial replication, Gram - positive = bacteria. Gram - n

Tetracycline - Panmycin, Sumycin, Ala-Tet

Antibiotic - type = A Glycylcyclines: 9-glycylamido group that decreases bacterial resistance.
Three ways it works; A. Penetration of outer capsule and membrane by diffusion. (penetration is slow. the more lipophilic the better. especially with the gram n

Theophylline - Theochron

Stimulant
Action blocks phosphodiesterase causing an increase in cyclic AMP which promotes the release of epinephrine from adrenal cells. This results in bronchodiliation, diuresis, CNS, and cardiac stimulation.
Preventing and treating symptoms and blocka

Tropicamide - Mydral, Mydriacyl

Anti-cholinergic. Antimuscarinic.
Used to dilate (enlarge) the pupil so that the doctor can see into the back of your eye. It is used before eye examinations, such as cycloplegic refraction and examination of the fundus of the eye. Tropicamide may also be

Xylazine v - Rompun

Alpha? Adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic, antagonized with Yohimbine.
Sedation, analgesic (horses), muscle relaxant.
Cats = emetic induce vomiting and other animals.
Preanesthetic before local or general anesthesia.
Does not cause CNS depression. In ani

Yohimbine - Yobine, Antagonil

Alpha? Adrenergic, Antagonist.
A potent vasodilator, which means that it ? increases blood flow to the extremities, which is what is thought to be responsible for Yohimbine effect on ? increasing sex drive. Main use!!
Alkaloid related to reserpine, centra