absolute zero
the theoretical temperature at which a substance possesses no kinetic energy
calorie
approximate amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius
heat of fusion
amount of energy needed to change any substance from solid to liquid which is the same amount of energy released when the substance transforms from a solid to a liquid
temperature
measure of the hotness or coldness of substances, related to average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measured in degrees Celsius/Fahrenheit or kelvin
btu
British thermal unit, equal to 1055 joules, it is the amount of energy needed to cool or heat one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit, used most often in power
degree
measurement of a plane angle representing 1/360 of full rotation, not a SI unit
heat of vaporization
amount of energy required to change any substance from liquid to gas, which is the same amount of energy released when the substance transforms from a gas to a liquid
thermal energy
the total energy (kinetic plus potential) of the submicroscopic particles that make up a substance
Calorie
food calorie, energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius
heat
the thermal energy that flows from a substance of higher temperature to a substance of lower temperature, commonly measured in calories or joules
specific heat capacity
the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature per unit mass of a substance by 1 degree Celsius